Cardiac glycosides are the secondary metabolites that are used in atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter as it binds with the sodium-potassium ATPase pump and increases the force of contraction. There are two types of cardiac glycosides i.e. cardenolides and bufadienolides. Digoxin is a cardenolide type of cardiac glycoside. Digoxin is found in chloroform extract of Moringa concanensis leaves. In the present study, the reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed and validated to determine the content of digoxin in chloroform extract of M. concanensis leaves from three different geographical sources. The chromatographic method was developed at 220 nm wavelength with an Acetonitrile: Water: 1% Orthophosphoric acid (50:50:0.1 %V/V/V) mobile phase. In this method, the digoxin shows linearity in the range of 10 – 50 μg/ml with a regression coefficient of 0.995. The Limit of detection (LOD) and Limit of quantitation (LOQ) was found to be 0.232 μg/ml and 0.703 μg/ml respectively.

Moringa concanensis Nimmo. (Moringaceae) is a wild plant found in India. Traditionally, tribes used this plant as an antioxidant, anticancer, anticonvulsant, antimicrobial, antifertility, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic. In the present study, the leaves of Moringa concanensis were subjected to successive solvent extraction with five different solvents of increasing polarity, i.e., petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water, followed by a phytochemical screening of each extract. The phytochemical study indicated the presence of terpenoids, steroids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, alkaloids, carbohydrates, proteins, tannins, and phenolics. The chloroform extract showed the presence of cardiac glycosides (cardenolides); therefore, a RP-HPLC method was developed to identify the number of constituents in the extract. The extract was recrystallized to isolate the single component and to gain the desired purity for further spectral analysis. Different spectral data from UV-Visible, Infrared, Mass, and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy were analyzed and the isolated chemical constituent was identified.

The moringa genus has wide varieties cultivated worldwide; out of which only two species are cultivated in india i.e. Moringa oleifera and Moringa concanensis. Moringa oleifera was tested in all the aspects like; standardization parameters of plant and their pharmacological activities. Moringa concanensis Nimmo (Moringaceae) is a traditional medicinal plant, distributed in tropical deciduous forests of India. The standardization parameters play a vital role in quality assessment of plant material. Due to lack of standardization parameters the adulterants are passed as genuine drug. This plant has an impressive medicinal uses along with a good nutritional value. The present investigation provides research regarding standardization parameters as well as phytochemical constituents of M. concanensis. The plant is not edible due to its bitter taste but it has variety of phytochemical constituents as well as it is nutritionally rich. This investigation further helps to develop the formulations having medicinal activity as well as nutritional values.