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This article discusses the significance of microcalcifications on mammography and the changes in technology that have influenced management; it also describes a pragmatic approach to investigation of microcalcification in a UK screening programme. BACKGROUND AND PREVALENCE OF MICROCALCIFICATIONSMicrocalcifications result from the deposition of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate within the breast tissue. The mechanism by which calcium deposition occurs is not clearly understood; it may be an active cellular process, or an effect of cellular degeneration. Calcification deposits are found within the ductal system, the breast acini, stroma and vessels, mainly as calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate.

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Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration is part of a rare spectrum of neurological syndromes whereby gynaecological, lung or breast cancers present primarily with neurological manifestations. The presence of onconeural antibodies and PET scanning help in the challenging diagnosis of these conditions but despite the treatment of the primary cancer, the prognosis for the neurological symptoms is poor.