The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of hydrotherapy associated with refrigeration on the control of peduncular rot in mango fruits (Mangifera indica) of the Tommy Atkins variety. For this, an experiment was set up in the phytopathology laboratory of the Agrarian Sciences Center of the Federal University of Alagoas - UFAL - Delza Gitaí Campus - Rio Largo - AL, from June to December 2018. Mango fruits, previously inoculated with L. theobromae (106 con.mL-1), were immersed in warm water at temperatures of 40, 45, 50 and 55°C for 1, 5 and 10 minutes and then placed under refrigeration for 5 days, then evaluated for disease severity. The results show that hydrotherapy associated with refrigeration is able to control peduncular rot in mango fruits. The temperatures of 50, 55 and 60ºC in the time of 9 minutes of fruit immersion showed 100% control of the disease, in the time of 1 minute only the temperature of 60ºC presented control superior to 90% of the disease, the temperatures of 45 , 50 and 55 presented control of 74.6, 76.2 and 89%, respectively. In the time of 5 minutes, the temperatures of 55 and 60ºC were the best with control superior to 90% of the disease. In all immersion times, the equation that best fit the data was the 3rd degree polynomial. The temperature of 40ºC, in all evaluated times, was the only one that presented control of the disease inferior to 20%.
RESUMO A queima das folhas do inhame, causada por Curvularia eragrostides pode comprometer a produção do inhame (Dioscorea spp.), uma cultura de extrema importância para a região Nordeste do Brasil. O uso de produtos naturais vem sendo utilizados com eficiência no controle de doenças de plantas por sua ação fungitóxica ou pela presença de compostos eliciadores, reduzindo o uso de defensivos agrícolas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes formas de controle da queima das folhas do inhame causado por C. eragrostides. Foi analisada a esporulação de C. eragrostides em placas de Petri contendo meio BDA com os seguintes produtos: manipueira (40 %); óleo de hortelã (100 μL/mL), extratos de alho, e de melão de São Caetano, folha de inhame (20 %), Ecolife® (2 %); Trichoderma sp. (2,0 g. L-1); acibenzolar-S-metil (0,15 g. L-1 e 0,3 g. L-1), separadamente. A testemunha foi placa com meio BDA sem adição de produto. A avaliação do efeito preventivo dos produtos in vivo, sobre o desenvolvimento da doença foi realizada com tratamentos selecionados no ensaio in vitro. Nesse ensaio in vivo as plantas de inhame cv. Da Costa, com 45 dias de idade foram pulverizadas 48 e 72 h antes da inoculação do patógeno com óleo de hortelã (100 μL), extratos de alho e de folhas de inhame (20%); Trichoderma sp. (2,0 g.L-1); ASM (0,15 e 0,3 g L-1) e água (testemunha). Os produtos naturais inibiram a esporulação de C. eragrostides. O fungo Trichoderma sp., óleo de hortelã e ASM 0,3 foram eficientes em reduzirem a severidade da queima das folhas de inhame. O tempo de inoculação influenciou a severidade da doença, de acordo com o produto testado. Trichoderma sp. foi o tratamento que mais reduziu a severidade da doença (51%), sendo este, o tratamento podendo ser recomendado para integrar as táticas de manejo da queima das folhas do inhame.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of plant extracts on L. theobromae by using products as an alternative method. Mycelial growth of L. theobromae was analyzed on Petri dishes containing PDA medium supplemented with extracts of Brazilian peppertree, angico, amburana and "quebra-faca" at the concentrations of 10, 20 and 30%. To evaluate the direct effect of extracts on the development of L. theobromae, bunches of grape cv Itália were inoculated with the pathogen and, after 4 h, sprayed with the different extracts: angico and Peixinho, G.S.; Santos, C.M.G.; Ribeiro, V.G.; Amorim, E.P.R.; Carvalho, V.N.; Bispo, J.S.. Extracts of Brazilian peppertree, angico, amburana and "quebra-faca" on Lasiodiplodia theobromae control in bunches of grape cv. Itália. Summa Phytopathologica, v.43, n.2, p.158-160, 2017. amburana (30%) and "quebra-faca" (10%). Sterile distilled water (ADE) was used as control. Subsequently, to evaluate the potential of extracts as resistance inducers, bunches of grape cv Itália were subjected to the same treatments and inoculated, after 4 hours, with L. theobromae. Results showed that extracts of angico and amburana at the concentration of 30% inhibited in vitro mycelial growth by 61.66 and 60%, respectively; however, the tested extracts were not efficient in inhibiting the disease incidence and severity.
This study aimed to verify L. theobromae control by using plant extracts. Initially, L. theobromae mycelial growth inhibition was evaluated on Petri dishes containing PDA medium supplemented with extracts of "boldo baiano", "jurema preta", "pata-de-vaca" and "pau-ferro" at the concentrations of 10, 20 and 30% for all extracts. Afterwards, two in vivo experiments were carried out to evaluate the direct and protective effect of the plant extracts tested in vitro on Peixinho, G.S.; Santos, C.M.G.; Ribeiro, V.G.; Amorim, E.P.R.; Bispo, J.S.; Carvalho,V.N.. Evaluating the efficiency of extracts from plants native to caatinga on dry rot (Lasiodiplodia theobromae) control in bunches of grape cv. Itália. Summa Phytopathologica, v.43, n.2, p.155-157, 2017. dry rot intensity in bunches of grape cv. Itália, using the concentration of 30%, while sterile distilled water (ADE) was adopted as control. Results showed that extracts of "pau-ferro", "pata-de-vaca", "jurema preta" and "boldo baiano" at concentrations of 30% inhibited mycelial growth by 85.6, 83.3, 85.6 and 88.9%, respectively; however, the tested extracts were not efficient in inhibiting the disease incidence and severity.Keywords: Alternative control, fungal diseases, plant extracts Doenças causadas por fungos são considerados como uma das principais causas de perdas na fase de armazenamento e comercialização de frutas tropicais. Dentre as enfermidades que acometem a videira, a podridão seca da uva (L. theobromae (Syn. = Botryodiplodia theobromae) merece atenção por tratar-se de uma doença que se expressa frequentemente na fase final de maturação, reduz a vida útil de prateleira, diminui a produção, desqualifica as frutas e aumenta os custos de produção, sendo o seu controle ainda um desafio (10).Visando extinguir e/ou substituir os agrotóxicos por produtos alternativos, muitos pesquisadores vêm realizando estudos que revelem alternativas de tratamentos, seja para melhorar a qualidade desses alimentos, seja para o controle de fitopatógenos (9). Assim, realizouse este trabalho com o objetivo de estudar o controle da podridão seca da uva através da utilização dos extratos vegetais de Boldo Baiano (Vernonia condensata), Jurema Preta (Mimosa tenuiflora), Pata de Vaca (Bauhinia forficata) e Pau-ferro ( Caesalpinia férrea).
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