The prevalence of pneumonia is particularly high among pediatric patients. Appropriate antibiotics selection is required to reduce mortality and morbidity rates associated with these diseases. However, information on cost-effectiveness of empirical antibiotics treatment for pneumonia was limited. This study was aimed to evaluate cost-effectiveness of cefotaxime and ceftazidime for pneumonia in pediatric patients. This study was a retrospective cross sectional study conducted at a hospital in Bandung during January-December 2012. Data were derived from medical records of pediatric pneumonia inpatients during study period. Cost was calculated based on direct medical cost, i.e., inpatient care, medical support, and medicines that were used from admission until hospital discharge. The results showed that there was no statistical difference in the average medical cost of the treatment using cefotaxime (1,197,017 IDR) and ceftazidime (2,245,748 IDR). Incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER) showed that cefotaxime is more cost effective than ceftazidime with greater reduction of leukocytes level (576 IDR/mm 3 ). The use of cefotaxime is recommended for the treatment of pnuemonia in pediatric patients.
Berdasarkan laporan unit rekam medik sebuah rumah sakit pemerintah di Kota Palu periode Januari-Agustus 2010 terdapat 12 pasien yang didiagnosis sebagai positif HIV-AIDS. Etiologi penyakit ini ditandai dengan berat badan menurun, diare kronik yang berlangsung lebih dari 1 bulan, demam berkepanjangan lebih dari 1 bulan, infeksi saluran pernapasan bagian bawah yang parah atau menetap. HIV-AIDS merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh retrovirus yang menyerang sel darah putih (limfosit) sehingga menurunkan sistem kekebalan tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengobatan antiretroviral (ARV) pada peningkatan limfosit di rumah sakit pemerintah Kota Palu. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan secara retrospektif pada Januari-Juni 2013 dan analisis hasil data menggunakan metode deskriptif nonparametik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat peningkatan yang signifikan terhadap limfosit dengan kombinasi obat staviral (NRTI), efavirenz (NNRTI), dan duviral (NRTI), hiviral (NRTI), neviral (NNRTI) pada pasien awat jalan yang positif HIV-AIDS. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian ARV berpengaruh pada peningkatan limfosit sehingga akan meningkatkan sistem kekebalan tubuh pasien HIV-AIDS.
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