Obtaining high quality crop yields is one of the most important economic problems of Russia. The yield of agricultural crops depends on the quality of the sowing material and its preparation for sowing. Currently modern technologies of processing seed based are used on applying various types of physical factors. Positive experiences on the use of the magnetic field, infrared and laser radiations, the currents of ultra-high frequencies to increase germination and seed growth are known. Unlike traditional methods of presowing treatment of seeds with chemicals, electrical methods are environmentally clear and do not have negative side effects on plants. One of the most promising methodsfrom an environmental point of view is ozonation. Scientists have determined that the ozonized air contributes to the improvement of sowing qualities of seeds. However, optimization of ozone treatment with the aim of increasing energy of growth and germination as the main indicators of sowing qualities requires improvement. In Educational and scientific testing laboratory of the Stavropol State Agrarian University for several years the research to examine the impact of environmentally safe ways on increasing the sowing qualities of seeds of grain crops was conducted. In particular, there was a twofactor experiment conducted on the influence of ozone on the improvement of the sowing qualities of seeds of winter wheat. Seed treatment was carried out on an industrial ozonator "Ozone-60P". Determination of ozone concentration was performed using a gas analyzer "Cyclone-5.41". It is proved that pre-treatment with ozone leads to increased germinating energy and seed germination. The article presents the optimal parameters of seed treatment of winter wheat with ozone to promote their sowing qualities.

Abstract. Pruning trees is one of the most laborious processes in fruit growing. The level of mechanization, electrification and automation of caring for fruit trees is high, but a number of technological operations are carried out manually. The use of manual labor when pruning tree branches leads to a decrease in the productivity of workers and makes their work ineffective. The use of a manual electrified tool will improve the efficiency of the technology of detailed tree trimming. The existing Russian secateurs have disadvantages that prevent their wide introduction into production. These drawbacks are the use of asynchronous electric motors and an electric current source of increased frequency, large mass and overall dimensions. Foreign analogs of secateurs have improved mass and dimensional indicators, but have a high cost. Taking into account all the mentioned disadvantages, electromechanical secateurs based on a linear electric motor are offered, which have the following set of properties: low power consumption, easy maintenance, high operational reliability, small weight and overall dimensions, high speed. These advantages of the secateurs are achieved by using a linear electric motor. The main advantage of the linear electric drive is the lack of transmission, it is easy to manufacture, reliable in operation and has a high speed. The main parameter for calculating the linear electric motor is the cutting force of the branches. Fruit trees have a certain hardness, which depends on the temperature and humidity of the environment. For successful trimming of fruit tree branches, the optimal combination of the mechanical characteristics of the cutting pair and the linear electric drive is necessary.Keywords: electromotor, secateurs, hacksaw, power, electrotechnology. IntroductionPruning fruit trees is carried out for their formation, control of fruiting and growth, improving crown lighting, rejuvenating, improving the quality of fruits, as well as removing sick, broken and dry branches. Important for the effective development of domestic gardening is the mechanization of the process of detailed pruning of fruit trees, using electrified hand tools.Analysis of existing tools for detailed pruning fruit trees, allowed determining the following types of tools: manual, pneumatic, hydraulic and electric. The cheapest is the hand tool, but the labor costs are much higher than for the rest. Pneumatic tools reduce labor costs for trimming, but they have a number of disadvantages: low reliability of the pneumatic system; short service life; significant reduction in the characteristics of the cut during operation; vibration; limited range of work. Hydraulic tool in comparison with pneumatic, has an extended period of operation and reliability, but it also has characteristic drawbacks. The disadvantages include the danger of malfunctions in the hydraulic system, the complexity of repair in the field, large mass, lack of mobility. The application of the electric drive is most effective according to the analysis of domestic...

Abstract. Today, an urgent problem of agricultural production is decline of food and fodder grain quality. One of the reasons of decline of grain quality is its contamination with mushroom infection, and as a result, formation of mycotoxins -poisonous products of mold mushroom metabolism. The grain keeps quality if the condition of its storage should be favorable for insects and microorganisms. Besides preventive measures it is necessary to carry out processing of grain for the purpose of prevention and decrease of grain molding. The existing grain disinfecting methods, such as chemical, thermal, biological and other, have some advantages and disadvantages. All methods have high disinfecting effect, but some are ecologically dangerous, others are power-intensive, labor-consuming, and expensive. Recently electrophysical methods of grain crop disinfecting attract great attention of scientific different directions because they are various in means and opportunities. In the Stavropol State Agrarian University researches on the influence of electrophysical factors on decrease in contamination of wheat grain by mushroom infection were conducted for several years. In particular, dynamics of development of mushroom colonies Aspergillus and Fusarium was determined. As a result of long experiments the optimum modes of disinfecting of grain are revealed by ozonized air and the field of the negative crown discharge (FNCD). The results of this experiment showed that the III mode of grain processing is optimum: FNCD + ozone, intensity of the field 3.6·10 5 V·m -1 , the processing time of grain is 70 seconds, a dose of ozone is 28.8 g·s·m -3 . Grain after processing in the III mode can be stored for 150-180 days without danger of development of mushroom colonies Fusarium and in 120 days colonies of mushrooms Aspergilus are suppressed.Keywords: fungal infection, disinfection, wheat grain, ozone, negative corona discharge field. IntroductionCurrently, there are annual losses of 1.0-2.0 % of cereal dry substances worldwide as a result of the active vital activity of harmful insects, bacteria, pathogenic and mold fungi. In modern Russia, this figure is even greater, since the main territory of the country is located in areas with high humidity, where the harvested yield is favorable environment for the development of pathogenic fungi and pests. It has been found that even in relatively dry years a large amount of grain with the moisture content 20.0 -22.0 % and higher is brought to the barn-floor. In such cases biochemical processes actively take place in the bunker of the combine, the intensity of breathing increases, which is accompanied by the release of a large amount of heat, which leads to loss of the grain mass and deterioration of its quality.The mycotoxins produced by the fungi g.Fusarium are widespread in the world as a whole and in Russia in particular. Fungi of this genus most often affect cereal crops and are capable of producing a number of mycotoxins of the trichothecin group, of which deoxynivalenol is released by ...

Wheat grain is one of the most valuable crops, as it is rich in gluten proteins and other valuable substances. Currently, the food industry and the grain market place high demands on the quality of wheat grain. However, individual batches of grain have toxic properties as a result of the content of heavy metals, harmful mycoflora. Grain mixtures can be even more toxic due to their fine structure. In this regard, the search for effective ways to reduce the overall toxicity of grain and grain mixtures is of scientific and practical interest. One of the most environmentally promising methods of grain disinfection is ozonization. A number of experiments on the effects of ozone on the toxicity of grain and grain mixtures have been conducted at the Stavropol State Agrarian University. To determine the objective picture of the state of grain and feed in the research laboratory using biotesting, 40 samples of wheat grain and 94 samples of grain mixtures from different agroclimatic zones of Russia were examined for general toxicity. As a result, it was found that nineteen samples of forty grains had moderate and high toxicity. Thus, the assumption was confirmed about the need to find ways to reduce the toxicity of grain and forage in order to ensure the safety of feeding animals and poultry. To accomplish this goal, we conducted a series of experiments on disinfection of wheat grain and grain mixtures with ozone in various modes. The ozone concentration was determined using a Cyclone-5.41 gas analyzer. The processing of wheat and grain mixtures was carried out with an ozone generator "Ozone-60P" with a plant capacity of 60 g•h-1. As a result of the research, the effect of ozone on the reduction of the toxicity of wheat grain and grain mixtures was found. The article presents the optimal modes of disinfection of wheat and grain mixtures with ozone to reduce the overall toxicity.

Today, wheat is one of the most common cereal crops in the world. In order for the grain to retain its qualities well, its storage conditions must be unfavorable for both insects and microorganisms. Scientists are engaged in this problem in Europe, in the United States of America, in Russia. For a number of years, Stavropol State Agrarian University has been conducting research on the effects of the Biofit-3 biological product on pathogenic microflora formed on wheat grain. Disinfection of grain by a biological preparation was carried out in the following sequence: the biological preparation was thoroughly agitated until the precipitate was dissolved; working solutions were prepared with the optimum concentration by diluting the preparation with distilled water. The solution of the biological product was evenly distributed in the mass of grain with the help of a dosing pump. Also, the experiments were conducted on the combined effects of the biological product with ozone. As a result of the experiments, the effect of the Biofit-3 preparation in combination with ozone on the suppression of the colonies of the Rhizopus, Aspergilus, Fusarium, Penicillium and Alternaria fungi in the wheat grain was found out. The article presents the optimal modes of disinfection of wheat and grain mixtures with the preparation Biofit-3 in combination with ozone.