The purpose of the article is to consider of the possibilities of using the Internet in the development of value orientations of Russian students in the course of heuristic cognitive activity. When polling a representative sample of students with a creative level of development of the research potential, we found that in heuristic cognitive activity when using the Internet, students are primarily attracted by unusual facts (45%), the ability to speculate about the meaning of certain concepts, statements and effects (34 %). A survey of a general sample of high school students (N = 2095) during a formative experiment with the participation of students in grades 8-11 revealed a wide range of problems of realization of value orientations and meanings of students in cognitive activity of students. These are the opportunities to study various theories on the Internet, problems in the implementation of value orientations and the meanings of the cognitive activity of students: from the possibility of studying various theories on the Internet and using them to explain incomprehensible phenomena, processes. Only 18% of students are always satisfied with the possibilities of the Internet in the heuristic cognitive activity of students, 43% of respondents are often satisfied, sometimes 34% of high school students; 5% of respondents are completely dissatisfied.