Objectification theory was tested as a suitable framework for explaining sexual orientation differences in disordered eating behaviors in college-aged Italian men. The theory's applicability to 125 homosexual and 130 heterosexual men was investigated using self-report questionnaires. Gay men scored significantly higher on exposure to sexually objectifying media, body surveillance, body shame, disordered eating behaviors, and depression than heterosexual men. Although path analyses support the theory's applicability to both groups, for gay men the path model demonstrated a better fit to the objectification theory for disordered eating and depression. Practical implications are discussed.

Objective: Previous studies have shown that taking care of elderly, demented patients carries a high cost to caregivers' health, and is associated with negative consequences on physical and mental health. The aim of this study is to investigate which socio-demographic and clinical variables are significantly associated with higher levels of distress in caregivers, and the relationship between caregivers' levels of distress and the coping strategies they adopt. Patients and participants: The study samples 112 caregivers of demented patients, consecutively admitted to the Department of Neurology of San Raffaele-Turro Hospital (Milan, Italy). Measurements and results:Caregivers were asked to complete the CBI and the Italian version of the COPE.The main result is that caregivers with the highest levels of distress are characterised by an impaired physical health status. It was also found that avoidance coping may represent a risk factor associated with higher levels of distress; conversely, an active and problem-focused approach to stressful situations may act as a protective factor.Keywords: Dementia, Caregiver, Burden of Illness, Coping Behavior 3 Riassunto Obiettivo: In letteratura è documentato che prendersi cura di un anziano affetto da demenza comporta per il caregiver un prezzo molto elevato da pagare, e si associa a conseguenze negative sul piano della salute fisica e psichica. Obiettivo della presente ricerca è stato quello di valutare quali variabili socio-demografiche e cliniche possano essere significativamente associate ad elevati livelli di stress nel caregiver stesso, e la relazione esistente tra i livelli di stress del caregiver e il ricorso alle strategie di coping. Pazienti e partecipanti: Lo studio ha coinvolto 112 caregiver di altrettanti pazienti dementi consecutivamente ammessi presso il Reparto di Neurologia dell'Ospedale San Raffaele Turro di Milano. Risultati: I caregiver hanno compilato il CBI e la versione italiana del COPE. I risultati indicano che i caregiver soggetti ad elevati livelli di stress si caratterizzano per uno stato compromesso di salute fisica. Uno stile di coping centrato sull'evitamento delle situazioni problematiche può costituire un fattore di rischio per elevati livelli di stress nel caregiver; il ricorso a strategie attive focalizzate sulla risoluzione del problema può configurarsi come fattore protettivo. 4 IntroductionThere is ample evidence that taking care of dependent elderly people comes at a very high cost to caregivers' health; more specifically, caregiving affects their physical and psychological health both directly and indirectly [1,2].In Italy, family members are the principal caregivers to elderly, non self-sufficient people. Caregivers are mostly spouses or daughters who decided to take care of the patients in a direct way, that is by living with them [3]. On average, three quarters of their daytime is spent responding to the patients' needs; the amount of time devoted to the patient is inexorably destined to increase as the illness worsens [1].Pr...

Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency might be the anatomical background, which provides a predisposing factor for the development of endolymphatic hydrops in MD patients.

Advances in cancer treatment allow women to be cured and live longer. However, the necessary chemotherapy and radiotherapy regimens have a negative impact on future fertility. Oncofertility has emerged as a new interdisciplinary field to address the issue of gonadotoxicity associated with cancer treatment and to facilitate fertility preservation, including oocyte and ovarian tissue cryopreservation. These fertility issues are often inadequately addressed, and referral rates to oncofertility centers are low. The aim of this study was to report the 3-year experience of the San Raffaele Oncofertility Unit. A total of 96 patients were referred to the Oncofertility Unit for evaluation after the diagnosis of cancer and before gonadotoxic treatment between April 2011 and June 2014. Of the 96 patients, 30 (31.2%) were affected by breast cancers, 20 (20.8%) by sarcomas, 28 (29.2%) by hematologic malignancies, 13 (13.5%) by central nervous system cancers, 3 (3.1%) by bowel tumors, 1 (1.0%) by Wilms' tumor, and 1 (1.0%) by a thyroid tumor; 47 (49.0%) were referred for oocyte cryopreservation before starting chemotherapy, 20 (20.8%) were referred for ovarian tissue cryopreservation, and 29 (30.2%) were not recruited. The mean time between the patients' counseling and oocyte retrieval was 15 days (range, 2–37 days). The mean time between the laparoscopic surgery and the beginning of treatment was 4 days (range, 2–10 days). The number of patients who were referred increased over time, whereas the rate of patients who were not recruited decreased, showing an improvement in referrals to the Oncofertility Unit and in the patients' counseling and understanding. Our results indicate that an effective multidisciplinary oncofertility team is necessary for prompt referrals and treatment.

ObjectivesGestational Trophoblastic Disease (GTD) comprises a group of disorders that derive from the placenta. Even if full recovery is generally expected, women diagnosed with GTD have to confront: the loss of a pregnancy, a potentially life-threatening diagnosis and delays in future pregnancies. The aim of the study is to evaluate the psychological impact of GTD, focusing on perceived fertility, depression and anxiety.Methods37 patients treated for GTD at San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, took part in the study. The STAI-Y (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), the BDI-SF (Beck Depression Scale-Short Form) and the FPI (Fertility Problem Inventory) were used. Patients were grouped on the basis of presence of children (with or without), age (< or ≥35) and type of diagnosis (Hydatidiform Mole, HM, or Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia, GTN). Differences in the values between variables were assessed by a t-type test statistic. Three-way ANOVAs were also carried out considering the same block factors.ResultsThe study highlights that women suffering from GTN had higher depression scores compared to women suffering from HM. A significant correlation was found between anxiety (state and trait) and depression. Younger women presented higher Global Stress scores on the FPI, especially tied to Need for Parenthood and Relationship Concern subscales. Need for Parenthood mean scores significantly varied between women with and without children too.ConclusionsWe can conclude that fertility perception seems to be negatively affected by GTD diagnosis, particularly in younger women and in those without children. Patients should be followed by a multidisciplinary team so as to be supported in the disease’s psychological aspects too.