INTRODUCTIONThe unique desired physico-chemical properties of NPs, such as higher stability in the aquatic environment, decreased size and increased specific surface area and thus enhanced reactivity, which makes nanomaterials more efficient in industrial applications and at the same time make them more harmful for living organisms. 1,2 ABSTRACTBackground: The use of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) has increased very significantly in recent years the work in science is currently on focused on assessing human health and environmental risks of nanotechnology. The aim of the present study was to estimate the functional status of the female reproductive system in mice under condition of the intravenous treatment of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), namely to assess meiotic maturation of oocytes, viability of follicular cells surrounding the oocyte, spontaneous contractile activity of the myometrium and pre-and postimplantation mortality of embryos. Methods: Research (two series) has been done on white laboratory mice (8 weeks, 16-18 g). AgNPs are spherical nanoparticles of 30 nm (8 mg/ml for metal) diluted in water for injection. Method of treatment: intravenous. Two doses (2 mg/kg and 4 mg/kg) have been investigated. Frequency of treatment: one time per day with each dose of 1, 5 and 10 times (n=10 animals in each group). Material for the study (ovaries, uterus) were taken the day after the last AgNPs injection. Results: Ten-time AgNPs treatment (2 mg/kg and 4 mg/kg) results in inhibition of oocytes meiotic maturation in mice; a single-and five-time AgNPs treatment (2 mg/kg and 4 mg/kg) increases the number of apoptotic cells, while the ten-time AgNPs treatment results in an increase of the apoptotic and necrotic follicular cells surrounding oocytes; for the five-and ten-time AgNPs treatment (4 mg/kg) the index of contractility (IC) of the uterus increased; for the ten-time AgNPs treatment (2 mg/kg and 4 mg/kg) no differences in value of the embryonic mortality between control and study groups have been observed. Conclusions: This study suggests that the development of nanomaterials should be safer and non-toxic and the potential reprotoxicity of AgNPs should be investigated more carefully.

Background: Given the urgency of the problem of clinical and experimental pathology of diabetes mellitus (DM) and the reproductive function disorders and their correction, the direction of research was determined in the following way: to establish the functional state of testicular cells and appendages under experimental hyperglycemia, and to assess future prospects for gold nanoparticles for clinical trials. The aims to evaluate the effect of five times treatment with gold nanocomposites (gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in the polymer matrix D-g-PAA(PE) on male reproductive function under conditions of experimental hyperglycemia.Methods: Experiments (two series) have been conducted on 120 (60 males and 60 females) Albino white laboratory mice (weighing 25-30 gm). Experimental hyperglycemia, a model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) was reproduced by administration of nicotinamide and streptozotocin (internally peritoneally). The treatment of substances was carried out in the following way: D-g-PAA (PE) (10.00 mg/kg), D-g-PAA (PE)/AuNPs (9.78 mg/kg) in the tail vein, in 0.3 ml, once a day, five times, 2 weeks after EG induction once a day, five times.Results: it was established for the first time that there is disorder of male reproductive function under conditions of experimental hyperglycemia and five-fold treatment of gold nanocomposites (D-g-PAA(PE)/AuNPs, namely an increase in the number of abnormal sperm and a decrease in spermatids, as well as an increase in preimplantation mortality of embryos (compared to this value under experimental hyperglycemia).Conclusions: Our new data suggest that treatment with such gold nanocomposites (gold nanoparticles in D-g-PAA (PE) polymer matrix) are not critical for therapeutic use (in photodynamic chemotherapy), even in hyperglycemia when there is diabetes.

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The aim of the current study was to estimate the resumption of meiotic maturation of oocytes, preand post-implantation mortality of embryos under conditions of experimental glomerulonephritis and intravenous treatment of silver nanoparticles in mice. Experimental glomerulonephritis in mice was achieved by immunization of white laboratory mice of the first generation with a kidney antigen suspension derived from a parent. The treatment was carried out in the following way: Kidney antigen suspension-intraperitoneal three times 1 time per day; the procedure was repeated in 3 weeks, one time intraperitoneally with the same dose (10 mkL of suspension per 10 grams of body weight of the animal). Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs, 30 nm)-intravenous treatment three times: 1 time per day for 1 h before immunization of animals with suspension of kidney antigen; as well as in 3 weeks once with the same dose (2 mg/kg). Thus, the number of oocytes that resumed meiosis in vitro from animals under experimental glomerulonephritis decreased as compared to the numbers in control animals; no inhibition of meiotic resumption of oocytes of animals was established under conditions of AgNPs treatment; the AgNPs treatment under conditions of experimental glomerulonephritis increased the number of oocytes that resumed meiosis in vitro compared with such values in the control and under conditions of experimental glomerulonephritis. The value of post-implantation embryonic mortality increased under conditions of experimental glomerulonephritis; no infertility of implantation in females of mice under conditions of AgNPs treatment; the AgNPs treatment under conditions of experimental glomerulonephritis decreased post-implantation mortality of embryos.