Aim. To conduct immunological monitoring of collection spring barley varieties against pathogens of the most common diseases. To select starting material with a set of valuable features for in breeding for pathogen resistance and productivity in the central forest-steppe of Ukraine. Results and Discussion. The Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei, Bipolaris sorokiniana and Drechslera teres populations were found to be the most widespread in the Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Drechslera graminea, Pyrenophora tritici-repentis Drechsler and Puccinia hordei were not common, and in only waterlogged years their damage intensity amounted to 10-15%. Complex resistance (damage 10.0 %) to three diseases – E. graminis f. sp. hordei, B. sorokiniana and D. teres was identified in the following varieties: Dokaz, Aspekt, Kuburas, Hanka, and STN 115. The recessive genes mlo were shown to be extensively and highly effective against E. graminis f. sp. hordei. Varieties Adonis, Bojos, Aspen, Barke, Class, Eunova, Josefin, Danuta, Breemar, and Madeira were resistant to these genes. Structural analysis performed with varieties of spring barley, which were resistant to disease. The following varieties were superior to the check variety in terms of length, grain number and weight from the main ear: Kuburas, Troychan, Sanktrum, and Yevroprestyzh. Conclusions. We selected sources of complex resistance to diseases (damage  10.0%): Aspekt, Dokaz, Hanka, Kuburas, and STN 115. The donors of resistance to E. graminis f. sp. hordei (damage  3.5%) are Adonis, Barke, Bojos, Aspen, Сlass, Danuta, Eunova, Josefin, Breemar, and Madeira. The sources of valuable economic features are: by the ear length (9.7-10.2 cm) - varieties Kuburas, Vivaldi, Troychan, Sanktrum, Yevroprestyzh; by the grain number from the main ear (25.5-27.8) - varieties Kuburas, Troychan, Sanktrum, Koloryt, Yevroprestyzh, Danuta, and Eunova; by grain weight from the main ear (1.5-2.0 g) - varieties Kuburas, Vivaldi, Troychan, Sanktrum, Hanka, Koloryt, Yevroprestyzh, Barke, Danuta, Pivdennyi,and Eunova.

The paper reveals the results of study on the parent components of soft winter wheat selection of the V.M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The fndings demonstrate dependence of grain formation in the frst generation of interspecifc hybrids of soft winter wheat on the environmental factors and on wheatrye translocations 1AL.1RS and 1BL.1RS in the parental forms. The results of the analysis of variance show that the efciency of crossing and the percentage of grain formation signifcantly in the feld depended on the interaction of factors (47.7 %, p ≤ 0.05), on weather conditions (30.4 %) and the variety genotype (21.5 %) and did not depend signifcantly (0.4 %) on unaccounted factors (coincidence of flowering dates of the components involved in hybridization). In the group of crosses 1BL.1RS / 1BL.1RS, the average percentage of grain formation was the highest for three years (2016– 2018) and did not differ signifcantly – 50.1 %; 55.5 % and 49.8 %. The maximum average indicators for the research years (48.3 %) and under favorable weather conditions of 2017 (68.3 %) were obtained using the crosses of the variety of Svitanok myronivskyi 1BL.1RS as a parent form, and the minimum (37.1 % and 45.2 %, respectively) – using the variety of Kalynova 1BL.1RS. The results of the study show that hybrid combinations of Svitanok myronivskyi / Kalynova (56.1 %), Lehenda myronivska / Kalynova (54.6 %), Zolotokolosa / Svitanok myronivskyi (53.3 %), Lehenda myronivska / Ekspromt (52.4 %), Kolumbia / Zolotokolosa (48.1 %), Svitanok myronivskyi / Lehenda myronivska (47.6%) and Svitanok myronivskyi / Zolotokolosa (46.4 %) were the best in terms of the average percentage of grains formation for the research years. Key words: soft winter wheat, wheat-rye translocations, grain formation, weather conditions, genotype.

The population of Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei Em. Marchal, Bipolaris sorokiniana Shoem. and Drechslera teres Ito. was found to be the most widespread in the central forest-steppe of Ukraine. Drechslera graminea Ito and Puccinia hordei Otth. were not common. For an average of 7 years of research, the sources of the disease complex have been identified on a provocative background. Resistance (lesions up to 10.0 %) to two diseases – Erysiphe graminis and Drechslera teres were characterized by the following varieties: Etyket, Obolon, Parnas, Khadar, Edem, Pivdennyi, Koloryt (Ukraine), Josefin (France), Ebson, Malz, Aspen (Czech Republic), Barke, Bojos, Breemar, Brenda, Landora, Madeira, Danuta, Adonis, Сlass (Germany), Vivaldi, Eunova, Secuva (Austria). Complex resistance (lesions up to 10.0 %) to three diseases – Erysiphe graminis, Bipolaris sorokiniana and Drechslera teres were characterized by the following varieties: Aspekt, Dokaz (Ukraine), Hanka, Kuburas (Germany), STN 115 (Poland). The recessive genes mlo: mlo9, mlo11 and the combination of genes: mlo + Mla13 + Ml (La), mlo + Mla1 and mlo + Mla12 have been shown to be highly effective for Erysiphe graminis for a long time. High resistance and resistance were characterized by varieties protected by these resistance genes: Adonis, Barke, Bojos, Aspen, Сlass, Danuta, Eunova, Josefin, Breemar і Madeira. In spring barley varieties that showed disease resistance, structural analysis was performed by plant height, number of stems, spike length, number of grains, and weight of spikelets. In terms of length, number of grains and weight of grain of the main ear, the following varieties were better than the standard: Kuburas, Koloryt, Troichan, Barke, Danuta, Hanka, Ievroprestyzh, Sanktrum and others. Dedicated sources and donors of resistant varieties of spring barley to common pathogens can be used for immunity selection. Selected varieties by yield are the material for the selection of spring barley as a source of valuable features. These varieties are involved in hybridization. Key words: varieties, immunological monitoring, resistance, Erysiphe graminis, Bipolaris sorokiniana і Drechslera teres, valuable crop features, sources, donors.

Ìåòà. Âèçíà÷èòè ÷óòëèâ³ñòü ñîðò³â ÿ÷ìåíþ ÿðîãî äî 䳿 ð³çíèõ êîíöåíòðàö³é ìó-òàãåí³â ó Ì 1 . Äîñë³äèòè ä³þ ìóòàãåí³â íà ôîðìóâàííÿ ãîñïîäàðñüêè ö³ííèõ îçíàê ó Ì 1 , Ì 2 ñîðò³â ÿ÷ìåíþ ÿðîãî. Ìåòîäèêà. Äîñë³äaeåííÿ ³ç ñîðòàìè ÿ÷ìåíþ ÿðîãî ìèðî-í³âñüêî¿ ñåëåêö³¿ ³ðàae ³ Òàë³ñìàí Ìèðîí³âñüêèé ïðîâîäèëè ó 2016, 2017 ðð. â óìîâàõ äîñë³äíîãî ïîëÿ íàâ÷àëüíî-âèðîáíè÷îãî öåíòðó Á³ëîöåðê³âñüêîãî íàö³îíàëüíîãî àãðàðíîãî óí³âåðñèòåòó òà â ëàáîðàòîðíèõ óìîâàõ. Íàñ³ííÿ çàìî÷óâàëè ó ðîç÷èíàõ ìóòàãåí³â ã³äðîêñèëàì³í (ÃÀ) êîíöåíòðàö³ÿìè 1,0 % (âèñîêà), 0,5 % (ñåðåäíÿ) ³ 0,1 % (íèçüêà) òà í³òðîçîìåòèëñå÷îâèíà (ÍÌÑ) ó êîíöåíòðàö³ÿõ 0,1 % (âèñîêà), 0,01 % (ñåðåäíÿ) ³ 0,001 % (íèçüêà). Êîíòðîëü -íàñ³ííÿ, çàìî÷åíå ó äèñòèëüîâàí³é âîä³. Åêñ-ïîçèö³ÿ ñòàíîâèëà 18 ãîä. Ó Ì 1 âèçíà÷àëè åíåðã³þ ïðîðîñòàííÿ â ëàáîðàòîðíèõ óìîâàõ òà ïîëüîâó ñõîae³ñòü. Ó Ì 2 âèçíà÷àëè âèñîòó ðîñëèíè, äîâaeèíó ãîëîâíîãî êîëîñà, ê³ëüê³ñòü çåðåí òà ìàñó çåðíà ç ãîëîâíîãî êîëîñà. Êîíòðîëü -íàñ³ííÿ, ç³áðàíå ç êîíòðîëþ, ÿêèé âèêîðèñòîâóâàëè ó Ì 1 . Ðåçóëüòàòè. Ïîð³âíÿíî ç ÃÀ ìóòàãåí ÍÌÑ çà âèñîêî¿ êîíöåíòðàö³¿ âèêëèêàâ ó ïðîðîñòê³â ÿ÷ìåíþ ÿðîãî âèñîêèé ð³âåíü äåïðåñ³¿, âíàñë³äîê ÷îãî ó ñîðòó ³ðàae ïîëüîâà ñõîae³ñòü çíèaeóâàëàñü äî 24,0 %, ó ñîðòó Òàë³ñìàí Ìèðîí³âñüêèé -äî 51,0 %. Çà îáðîáêè ÍÌÑ ó âèñîê³é êîíöåíòðàö³¿ â Ì 1 ñîðòó ³ðàae îòðèìàíî ðîñëèíè ç íåù³ëüíèì äîâãèì (12,7 ñì) êîëîñîì, íà êîíò-ðîë³ -10,0 ñì. Ó Ì 2 ñîðòó ³ðàae âèÿâëåíî ñ³ì'¿ (10/4, 11/2 ³ 11/4) ç äîñòîâ³ðíî çìåíøåíîþ âèñîòîþ ðîñëèíè (53,0-53,3 ñì, êîíòðîëü 60,2 ñì), ÿê³ îòðèìàíî çà 䳿 ìóòàãåíó ÍÌÑ ó ñåðåäí³é ³ íèçüê³é êîíöåíòðàö³ÿõ. Çà 䳿 ìóòàãåíó ÃÀ â íèçüê³é êîíöåíòðàö³¿ ³ ìóòàãåíó ÍÌÑ ó âèñîê³é êîíöåíòðàö³¿ ó ñîðòó ³ðàae îòðèìàíî ñ³ì'¿ (5/1 ³ 9/2), ÿê³ çà äîâaeèíîþ òà ê³ëüê³ñòþ çåðåí ãîëîâíîãî êîëîñà ³ñòîòíî ïåðåâèùóâàëè êîíòðîëü. Âèñíîâêè. Íàéá³ëüø ³íôîðìàòèâíèìè ùîäî ìóòàãåííî¿ ä³¿ â Ì 1 ÿ÷ìåíþ ÿðîãî áóëè òàê³ ïîêàçíèêè: åíåðã³ÿ ïðîðîñòàííÿ, ñõîae³ñòü íàñ³ííÿ, äîâaeèíà ãîëîâíîãî êîëîñà. ijÿ ìóòàãåíó ÍÌÑ ó âèñîê³é êîíöåíòðàö³¿ âèêëèêàëà çíà÷íî âèùèé ð³âåíü äåïðåñ³¿ ïîð³âíÿíî ç ìóòàãåíîì ÃÀ. Íà ñõîae³ñòü íàñ³ííÿ âïëèâàëà êîíöåíòðàö³ÿ ìóòàãåíó, ïðèðîäà ìóòàãåíó òà ãåíîòèï. Ó Ì 2 ñîðò³â ³ðàae ³ Òàë³ñìàí Ìèðîí³âñüêèé â³äì³÷åíî âèõ³ä çì³íåíèõ ôîðì çà òàêèìè ïîêàçíèêàìè, ÿê âèñîòà ðîñëèíè, äîâaeèíà ãîëîâíîãî êîëîñà, ê³ëüê³ñòü çåðåí ³ ìàñà çåðíà ç ãîëîâíîãî êîëîñà. Êðàùèõ ðåçóëüòàò³â äîñÿãíóòî çà 䳿 âèñîêî¿ êîíöåíòðàö³¿ ìóòàãåíó ÍÌÑ òà âèñîêî¿ ³ íèçüêî¿ êîíöåíòðàö³é ÃÀ. Íà ôîðìóâàííÿ åëåìåíò³â ñòðóêòóðè âðîaeàþ ó Ì 2 âïëèâຠãåíîòèï, êîíöåíòðàö³ÿ ìóòàãåíó òà éîãî ïðèðîäà. Ðîáîòó ç ìóòàíòíèìè ïîêîë³ííÿìè áóäå ïðîäîâaeåíî ó Ì 3 ³ Ì 4 òà ïðîâåäåíî ïîøóê ïðàêòè÷íî ö³ííèõ ìóòàö³é. .

The study examines the level of manifestation of the heterosis effect in hybrid populations, which increases the efciency of the selection process of winter wheat based on the number of grains in the main ear. 30 hybrid combinations were created using a complete diallel crossings scheme for six varieties of soft winter wheat with wheat-rye translocations (WRT): 1AL.1RS – Ekspromt, Zolotokolosa, Kolumbiia and 1BL.1RS – Kalynova, Svitanok Myronivskyi, Lehenda Myronivska. The Svitanok Myronivskyi variety used in crossbreeding gave the hybrids inheriting the studied trait mainly by additive effect, while with the use of Ekspromt, Zolotokolosa, Lehenda Myronivska, Kalynova, Kolumbiia varieties the hybrids inherited the trait by non-additive effect. The best in terms of the number of cases with high effects of total combining ability (TCA) on the number of grains per main ear were the WRT-carriers varieties: 1BL.1RS – Lehenda Myronivska, 1AL.1RS – Zolotokolosa and Kolumbiia. Regardless of the weather conditions of the year, a heterosis effect was found in the 1BL.1RS / 1BL.1RS crossing group and transgressive forms were selected in the following generations. The highest value of the trait was found in the following populations: F2 – Zolotokolosa / Kolumbiia, Svitanok Myronivskyi / Ekspromt (32.1 % each), Kalynova / Zolotokolosa (31.7 %); F3 – Kolumbiia / Zolotokolosa (41.5 %), Kolumbiia / Ekspromt (36.5 %) and others. In most of them, the translocation 1AL.1RS carrier varieties were the parent components. Key words: soft winter wheat, wheat-rye translocations, number of grains per main ear, general combining ability, specifc combining ability, heterosis, transgressions.