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The article defines the differences in the psychological characteristics of students of institutions of higher education (boys and girls). The personal manifestations of individual peculiarities of mental qualities and temperament in boys and girls are investigated. The study used a conversation and psychodiagnostic testing. The age range of the subjects is 18–20 years, the number – 29 people. The study revealed significant differences in the manifestation of personal qualities of aggressiveness and rigidity.Young men are more pronounced aggressiveness, self-confidence, low neuroticism and extraversion, and the girls, an increased level of neuroticism, rigidity and in most introversion. The development of a student's personality while studying at higher education institutions at different courses has its own specificity. Students of the second year of study are observed – the period of the most intense academic activity. The life of second-year students is intensively included in all forms of education and upbringing. Students receive general training, their broad cultural needs and needs are formed, and the process of adaptation to a higher education institution is mostly completed. Students of boy’s high confidence (10.3 points) and aggressiveness (12 points), girls, second-year students of high rates of anxiety (11.3 points) and neuroticism (10.1 points). In girls, there is a tendency to increased anxiety, vulnerability, neuroticism. The boys have increased emotionality, aggression, self-confidence and low rigidity; they are more adaptable to environmental changes and adapt to circumstances, as opposed to girls who are more likely to experience difficulties changing behavioral stereotypes and react more slowly to external stimuli.