Introducción: El consumo de sustancias psicoactivas (SPA) es un problema social de gran impacto en la salud de la población y no solamente se circunscribe a la edad adulta, sino que son los adolescentes y adultos jóvenes, pueden incursionar en el consumo de una forma muy acelerada. Objetivo: establecer los factores de riesgo y protección relacionados al consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en estudiantes de la Carrera de Enfermería de la Universidad Nacional de Loja. Métodos: investigación con enfoque cuantitativo, descriptiva y de corte transversal, con una muestra aleatoria de 30 estudiantes de la Carrera de Enfermería de la Universidad Nacional de Loja, se utilizó un cuestionario validado por expertos de factores de riesgo y protección para el consumo de drogas en jóvenes, con un Alpha de Cronbach de 0,906, y una confiabilidad a partir de 0,80, conformado por 53 ítems que evalúan la presencia/ausencia de seis factores agrupados en 6 dominios. Resultados: en ambos sexos las “Relaciones interpersonales” constituyen un factor protector con 36,67% en hombres y con 53,33% en mujeres, mientras que “preconceptos y valoración de las SPA”, representa un factor de riesgo en hombres 33,33% y en mujeres 40%, la “permisividad social y accesibilidad a las SPA” 46,66 % en mujeres. Conclusiones: los factores de riesgo más destacados corresponden a “preconceptos y valoración de las SPA”, “malestar emocional” y “permisividad social y accesibilidad a las SPA”; mientras que “relaciones interpersonales” y “habilidades sociales y de autocontrol” corresponden a los factores protectores más significativos. Palabras claves: sustancias psicoactivas, estudiantes de enfermería, factores de riesgo de sustancias psicoactivas, factores protectores sustancias psicoactivas. ABSTRACT Introduction: The consumption of psychoactive substances (PAS) is a social problem with a great impact on the health of the population and is not only limited to adulthood, but adolescents and young adults can enter into consumption in a way very accelerated. Objective: to establish the risk and protection factors related to the consumption of psychoactive substances in students of the Nursing Career of the National University of Loja. Methods: research with a quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional approach, with a random sample of 30 students of the Nursing Career of the National University of Loja, a questionnaire validated by experts of risk and protective factors for drug use was used in young people, with a Cronbach's Alpha of 0.906, and a reliability from 0.80, made up of 53 items that evaluate the presence/absence of six factors grouped into 6 domains. Results: in both sexes, "Interpersonal relationships" constitute a protective factor with 36.67% in men and 53.33% in women, while "preconceptions and assessment of PAS" represents a risk factor in men 33, 33% and in women 40%, the “social permissiveness and accessibility to SPAs” 46.66% in women. Conclusions: the most prominent risk factors correspond to "preconceptions and valuation of the SPA", "emotional distress" and "social permissiveness and accessibility of the SPA"; while "interpersonal relationships" and "social and self-control skills" correspond to the most significant protective factors. Keywords: psychoactive substances, nursing students, nursing students, risk factors for psychoactive substances, protective factors psychoactive substances
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