Objectives: Withdrawal management services (WMS) are often a vital step in the continuum of support for substance use disorders. We conducted an environmental scan to provide an overview of current organizational practices and characteristics of WMS in Canadian substance use treatment systems to better inform evidence-based guidelines and other quality improvements. Methods: We developed an organizational-level national survey of public and private substance use treatment services providing either WMS on a residential or nonresidential basis. An online survey covering background information about WMS offerings and client demographics was then disseminated to program representatives. Data were analysed for key themes relevant to the project objective. Results: Eighty-five (59.4%) publicly funded programs completed the survey, with the best response rate emanating from the Atlantic Region (84.2%, n=16). Nearly every province and territory had a specialized WMS open to a diverse profile of clients accessing treatment for various substances, providing a mix of residential and nonresidential WMS, along with a range of clinical, psychosocial, and health professional supports extending beyond immediate substance detoxication. The scan also identified a significant lack of youth-specific beds in available WMS services. Conclusion: Findings suggest a strong national capacity for WMS, and available matching criteria to support client placement in a stepped-care approach. System planners are encouraged to continue exploring the value of offering appropriate combinations of WMS options to build a more robust and accessible system of care to support the specific needs of the communities they serve. Objectifs: Les services de gestion du sevrage (SGS) constituent souvent une étape essentielle dans le continuum de soutien des troubles liés à la consommation de substances. Nous avons effectué une analyse de l’environnement pour donner un aperçu des pratiques organisationnelles et des caractéristiques actuelles des SGS dans les systèmes canadiens de traitement de la toxicomanie afin de mieux informer sur les lignes directrices fondées sur des données probantes et d’autres améliorations de la qualité. Méthodes: Nous avons élaboré une enquête nationale au niveau organisationnel sur les services publics et privés de traitement de la toxicomanie qui offrent des SGS en établissement ou hors établissement. Nous avons ensuite diffusé aux représentants des programmes un questionnaire en ligne contenant des informations générales sur les services offerts par les SGS et les caractéristiques démographiques des clients. Les données ont été analysées à la recherche de thèmes clés correspondant à l’objectif du projet. Résultats: 85 (59,4%) programmes financés par l'État ont répondu au sondage, le meilleur taux de réponse émanant de la région de l’Atlantique (84,2%, n=16). Presque toutes les provinces et tous les territoires disposaient d’un programme spécialisé de SGS ouvert à un profil diversifié de clients accédant à un traitement pour diverses substances, où on offrait un mélange de SGS résidentiels et non résidentiels, ainsi qu’une gamme de soutiens cliniques, psychosociaux et professionnels de la santé allant au-delà de la désintoxication immédiate. L’analyse a également révélé un manque important de lits réservés aux jeunes dans les services de SGS disponibles. Conclusion: Les résultats suggèrent une forte capacité nationale en matière de SGS, et des critères de correspondance disponibles pour soutenir le placement des clients dans une approche de soins par étapes. Les planificateurs du système sont encouragés à continuer d’explorer l’intérêt d’offrir des combinaisons appropriées d’options de SGS afin de construire un système de soins plus solide et plus accessible pour répondre aux besoins spécifiques des communautés qu’ils servent.
Objectives: Injectable opioid agonist therapy (iOAT) has previously been demonstrated to be an effective treatment option for individuals with a severe opioid use disorder (OUD) who have been unsuccessful on first line therapy (eg, buprenorphine/naloxone or methadone). Many individuals with severe OUD may also have HIV infection. Despite this, no literature currently exists examining the relationship between antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation and adherence following iOAT initiation in the outpatient setting. Methods: Retrospective case series (n = 3) of HIV-infected individuals with a severe OUD who were refractory to oral opioid agonist treatment and were started on iOAT in a community setting in Vancouver, Canada. Outcomes of interest included: (1) iOAT induction and maintenance dosing schedules; (2) ART adherence demonstrated by change in HIV viral load. Results: All 3 patients initiated and successfully reached iOAT maintenance doses with significant reduction in illicit opioid use. Stable iOAT was associated with increased ART initiation and adherence, and decreased HIV viral loads. Conversely, poor retention or discontinuation of iOAT was associated with reduced adherence to ART and in 1 patient, increased HIV viral loads. Conclusions: The individual cases presented suggest that among individuals with severe OUD and HIV infection, iOAT may improve HIV treatment uptake and retention in care.
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