No abstract

This paper considers the construction of principles and the synthesis of a system of effective control over the processes of synchronization of generator sets (GSs) that form a part of the distributed MP-control systems for complex ship technical systems and complexes (STS and C). The tasks of synchronization have been set, the process and database models have been built, the system configurations have been defined. Based on the use of resultant functions, we have determined stages in solving the tasks of control over the frequency adjustment synchronization in a hierarchical sequence. The performance analysis of the STS and C control elements has been carried out; the use of the integrated optimization criteria and dual management principles has been proposed. Practical techniques to manage the GS synchronization have been given. We have solved the problem of high-speed control over the frequency of synchronized objects based on the principles of adjustment. That has made it possible to determine in advance the moments of GS enabling under the deterministic and stochastic statement of the synchronization task. The results of the experimental study into the GS synchronization processes are given; the effectiveness of the proposed GS control has been proven. The principles underlying the construction of procedures to control the GS composition when using the methods of "rigid" and "flexible" thresholds have made it possible to define the optimization criteria and implement a control law that satisfied the condition for an extremum, which is an indicator of the feasibility of the set goal and takes into consideration the limitations of control influences. We managed to design a system in the class of adaptive control systems by the appropriate decomposition of the system's elements by splitting a synchronization task into the task on performance and the task on control under the required conditions. The given examples of the processes where the synchronization failed while using standard synchronizer control algorithms, as well as processes of successful GS synchronization when applying the proposed synchronizer dual control algorithms, have confirmed the reliability of the main scientific results reported here.

No abstract

This paper reports the synthesis of the main processes for the basic control over a complex technical vessel system. The issue related to the semantics of the description and the method for decomposing management tasks has been proposed to resolve in the context of the synthesis of the program to coordinate control over vessel technical systems and complexes with a sophisticated structure. An example of a five-unit ship’s automated electric power system (SAEPS) for the predefined level of generated power, taking into consideration the efficiency criteria, was used to synthesize the algorithms that execute transitions from one level to another while taking into account the pre-emergency and emergency states of SAEPS. The organization of the sequential process of enabling/disabling generator units (GUs) implies developing a program for managing the coordinator's supervisor as part of a distributed two-level hierarchical structure of SAEPS control when the load changes. The sequence of operations to launch, synchronize, transfer the loading, and stop GU is based on the formation of GU optimal composition, the distribution of loads among GUs running in parallel, and the implementation of the program for optimizing the primary engine of the power plant. The reported principles for constructing GU composition control procedures based on the principle of "rigid and flexible" thresholds have made it possible to build a diagram of adjustment of the time delay in enabling GU dependent on the demanded power. It has been proven that the proposed technique improves the reliability of SAEPS operation as it eliminates possible emergency modes when false control combinations are assigned. Databases on the quantity of GUs, their technical condition, loading, fuel consumption, and environmental parameters have been built. The synthesis of control over a five-unit SAEPS has made it possible to determine the algorithmization procedure based on using an extended data array and simplify the functioning algorithm involved in the operations of choosing the structure for a five-unit SAEPS

Процесс управления синхронизацией генераторов является одним из наиболее сложных процессов в судовых электроэнергетических установках. Разработке методов абстрактного и структурного синтеза устройств автоматической синхронизации с применением последних достижений электронной промышленности, а также синтезу алгоритмического обеспечения для программируемых систем уделяется недостаточно внимания. В работе предложено математическое и алгоритмическое описание процесса автоматической синхронизации дизель-генераторов в судовой электроэнергетической установке. Выделены три вида критериев оптимальности управления процессом синхронизации при детерминированной и стохастической постановке задачи. Определены риски отклонения фактической траектории синхронизируемого объекта от ожидаемой. Получена обобщенная структура управления процессом синхронизации и алгоритм функционирования системы управления этим процессом. Определена структурная схема канала подгонки частоты синхронизируемого дизель-генератора, а также описаны передаточные функции каждого ее звена. Определены математические выражения времени ожидания наступления момента синхронизма, а также параметров, определяющих задержку времени срабатывания генераторного автомата. Получена диаграмма, иллюстрирующая способ определения параметров синхронизации. Наглядное описание процесса при помощи алгоритмов, диаграмм и математических выражений позволит без труда реализовать предложенный способ в современных системах автоматического управления судовыми электроэнергетическими установками.