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AbstractWe study the consequences of broader access to credit and to capital markets on household's decisions over the number of children. In a life-cycle model of choice with forward and backward caring between parents and children, we analyze the effects of relaxing adults' borrowing constrains and broadening the opportunities for financial investment, and show how the sign of these effects depends on the role of children as a normal or inferior good in parents' preferences. We estimate the quantitative implications of our theoretical model on data from 145 countries over the period 1980-2006. Empirical results indicate that improved access to credit reduces fertility in poor countries and increases fertility in high-income countries. The effect of the development of capital markets on the number of children is negative in low-income countries and positive in the rich. When the analysis includes public pensions the main results remain the same. We also estimate the effect of the real interest rate, which proves significant and negative. JEL Codes: D1, J13, G1.
, a key finding in the algebra of ordinary least-squares multiple regression models. In this article, I present a command, reganat, to implement graphically the method of regression anatomy. This addition complements the built-in Stata command avplot in the validation of linear models, producing bidimensional scatterplots and regression lines obtained by controlling for the other covariates, along with several fine-tuning options. Moreover, I provide 1) a fully worked-out proof of the regression anatomy theorem and 2) an explanation of how the regression anatomy and the Frisch-Waugh-Lovell theorems relate to partial and semipartial correlations, whose coefficients are informative when evaluating relevant variables in a linear regression model.
There is evidence of a shaping effect of market prices on subjects’ evaluations in repeated private value auctions. This evidence has been traditionally interpreted as a pure behavioural phenomenon in contexts where the only available information is the market price. In this paper, we enrich the subjects’ information set by providing in treatment groups additional information on extreme asks. Our main results show a shaping effect both in the control and in the treatments and a stronger effect of the extreme information that more than halves the effect of the market price on subjects’ asks. Differently from the existing literature, we find that the provision of additional information inactivates the well‐documented tendency of the market price to fall at each auction round as a consequence of over‐asking correction. We discuss different possible mechanisms underlying this key finding.
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