Many of the musculofascial and osteofibrous structures of the upper limbs, and which are of the normal human structural constituent (pattern), are notably neglected in general anatomical descriptions. Their complex structures, and sometimes controversial or incomplete descriptions, have significant implications in important neurovascular conditions, such as compressive trauma, and those of orthopedic reconstructions. Thus, we objective a detailed study, structural and historical, of the literature, on two of the most important osteofibrous formations - the retrocondylar retinaculum (Osborne's ligament), together with the aponeurosis of the flexor carpi ulnar muscle (Osborne's fascia), and the Struther's ligament in association with the supracondylar process and foramen homonym.

como parte dos requisitos exigidos para a obtenção do título de Doutor em Biologia Buco-Dental, na Área de Anatomia.Thesis presented to the Piracicaba Dental School of the University of Campinas in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor in Buco-Dental Biology, in Anatomy Area.

Objectives: To correlate the skeletal pattern with the pharyngeal airway space, height of the palate, and areas of the maxillary and frontal sinuses of children and teenagers. Methods:The skeletal malocclusion was determined by the Wits appraisal in 116 lateral cephalometric radiographs (55 females and 61 males). These radiographs were digitized and all measurements were performed by the same examiner. Results:The intra-examiner reliability test showed a high value -ICC>0.99 (for a minimum period of 30 days, 20% of the sample were randomly selected and measured again). The pharyngeal airway space revealed a significant difference between the genders for the class III group (p<0.001). The height of the palate showed a significant difference between the genders for skeletal classes I and III (p<0.001). Regarding maxillary sinus there was no significant difference between the groups. The area of the frontal sinus showed a significant difference between genders for skeletal classes II and III (p<0.001).There was a moderate positive interaction between the frontal sinus with the maxillary sinus (r=0.636) and with the height of the palate (r=0.404). Still considering the frontal sinus, there was a weak positive correlation with the pharyngeal airway space (r=0,209).The maxillary sinus showed a moderate positive interaction with the height of the palate (r=0.439). Conclusions:The skeletal pattern is not the main determinant of the size of the pharyngeal airway space, the height of the palate and the area of the maxillary and frontal sinuses in this stage of growth. However, the positive correlations found among other variables indicate a relationship of dependence and suggests biomechanical interaction between these structures.