Problem. The most high-precision parts of the car engine are camshaft and crankshaft, parts that require two-sided processing of the end surfaces: piston pins, valve springs. Traditional processing methods are used in their manufacture and repair. Therefore, taking into account the large volumes of car production, the improvement of existing and development of new processing methods is very important. Goal. The purpose of this work is the analysis and improvement of existing methods and the implementation for new ones of processing the specified parts to increase the productivity and accuracy of their processing. Methodology. The processing of support necks and cams is expedient to be carried out in one installation during deep high-speed grinding with crossed axes of the circle and camshaft due to stabilization of the cutting depth and feed along the contour with uneven rotation of the part. The method of high-speed milling of camshaft cams with crossed axes of the tool and parts on CNC machines is also promising. Root and connecting rod necks of crankshafts can be processed in one installation by deep high-speed grinding with crossed axes of the circle and the part due to stabilization of the depth of cutting and feed along the contour with uniform rotation of the part. For end surfaces, it is possible to introduce single-pass processing on double-sided end grinding machines with oriented grinding wheels with calibration areas. Results. The obtained results indicate a 25-30% increase in productivity and processing accuracy of the specified parts. Originality. It is used when processing the effect of the intersection of the axes of the tool and the part and carrying out a special correction of the tool, which allows to obtain a calibration area. Practical value. The proposed methods improve the parameters of accuracy, roughness and productivity of processing, which is an important scientific and practical task, whose solution will allow to increase the service life of car components and assemblies, reduce the cost of their production, and raise the level of competitiveness of products and services.

Problem. The development of automotive technology for various purposes and the improvement of existing car models, requires a fast and flexible design process. Spatial models of details and nodes are the starting points for design, and the necessary design documentation is performed on their basis. When manufacturing parts on CNC machines, it is necessary to quickly obtain a control program that will increase the accuracy of the product by ensuring the optimal trajectory of the mutual movement of the part and the tool. Therefore, the creation of a comprehensive methodology for the design of car parts, their basic inspection and obtaining design documentation is an important technical task. Goal. The main goal of the work is to determine the rational sequence and basic principles of computer-aided design, research and manufacturing of car and engine parts, and the development of mathematical spatial models of surfaces in order to optimize control programs for CNC machines. Methodology. The approaches adopted in the work for solving the set goal are based on general design principles. The methods of conducting static and dynamic calculations, as well as spatial mathematical modeling of the processes of manufacturing parts were also used. Results. A comprehensive methodology for designing parts of engines and cars has been developed. The main principles of creating spatial models have been determined in order to achieve their flexibility and simple editing. Methods of automating the development of drawings and design documentation are described. The software options for the primary verification of static strength and frequency analysis are considered. A calculation program has been developed for constructing transient and amplitude-phase-frequency characteristics. The mathematical spatial modeling of typical surfaces of the camshaft is provided with the aim of further research and optimization of the development of a control program for processing on a CNC machine tool. Originality. The defined basic principles of designing parts of engines and cars provide an opportunity to create a flexible spatial model and more fully automate the process of drawing up technical documentation. The developed mathematical spatial models of the supporting and working surfaces of the camshaft make it possible to write a control program with the determination of the optimal trajectory of the mutual movement of the part and the tool. Practical value. The obtained results can be recommended when designing car parts and assemblies.

Problem. The publication analyzes the structures and application of various types of engines in a car, which allows to determine the structural aspects, features of placement and operation of engines, their future application prospects. Purpose. The purpose of the work is to analyze the design and operation of engines used in modern cars, to determine their advantages and disadvantages, and the prospects for the development and application of various types of engines. Methodology. The approaches adopted in the work to achieve the set goal consist in the analysis of designs of various types of engines of modern cars, their layout and features of their use. Results. The paper includes a comparative analysis of various types of engines used in modern cars. The peculiarity of the design and structure of internal combustion engines, electric cars and hybrid cars is considered. The scheme of the general configuration of electric vehicles, possible configurations of electric vehicles, layout schemes of hybrid cars are given. The advantages and disadvantages of each type of engine, the main prospects for their development and application are shown. Originality. The conducted analysis of the design features of various types of engines that are installed in modern cars allows us to formulate a general idea about the peculiarities of the operation of cars with the considered types of engines. Practical meaning. The obtained results of the analysis and the given advantages and disadvantages in the use of different types of engines allow us to formulate the main directions in the development of structures and the prospects of their application in different types of cars.

Problem. During the study of the circumstances of the occurrence of road floors, the experts of the automotive technical expertise have a question about the choice of mathematical model for determining the deceleration of a two-axle vehicle with a faulty working brake system. The search for a universal method for calculating the amount of deceleration of a two-axle vehicle with a faulty working brake system is an urgent scientific task that will expand the understanding of the physical processes on which the provisions of the theory of the car are based. Goal. The aim of the work is to generalize theoretical research to determine the deceleration of a two-axle vehicle with a faulty working brake system. Methodology. The approaches adopted in the work to solve this goal are based on the analysis of methods for determining the deceleration of two-axle wheeled vehicles. Results. The obtained calculated values of deceleration of a two-axle wheeled vehicle with different external factors allowed to establish the features of the use of different methods in the practice of automotive technical expertise. It is established that taking into account the angle of the road surface towards the roadside and taking into account the coefficient of resistance of car tires can change the amount of deceleration of a two-axle wheeled vehicle with a faulty service brake system. Originality. The proposed universal method for determining the deceleration of a two-axle wheeled vehicle with a faulty working brake system, allows to take into account the influence of rolling resistance of tires and the angle of inclination of the road surface towards the roadside when studying the circumstances of a traffic accident. Practical value. The results obtained can be recommended in the practice of automotive technical expertise or in research related to determining the braking performance of two-axle wheeled vehicles.

The paper reviews the scientific and technical literature on the development of electronic stability systems with brake force distribution, which led to the conclusion that for all-terrain wheeled vehicles such systems should be built using inertial navigation sensors - gyroscopes and accelerators. The proposed functional scheme of the stability system with brake force distribution is built using the principles of platformless inertial systems, in which the orientation of the car body relative to the axes of the inertial coordinate system is carried out by calculating in the onboard digital computer quaternion in contrast to Euler angles can be calculated with the required degree of accuracy using a fairly simple algorithm. Algorithms for estimating the current parameters of perturbed motion of the wheel body in the process of its urgent braking, namely, the angle of deviation of the elongated axis of the body from a given direction, angular velocity and lateral displacement of the center of gravity relative to a given trajectory. On the basis of the current estimation of the listed parameters the algorithm of stabilization of the case of the wheeled car in the mode of its urgent braking is formed.