In the era of open innovation, the choice of a cooperative strategy is one of the most significant factors determining the effectiveness of innovation activities. The authors investigate typical configurations of cooperative networks in Russian manufacturing, including the choice of partners, the role of spatial distance, and the duration of joint projects. Using the firm-level data (1324 in 2015 and 545 in 2018) the paper estimates the role of cooperation in the innovation outcomes in terms of innovation novelty and export capacity. The most common cooperative strategy is vertical cooperation that is the involvement of clients and suppliers in the process of innovation development. The geography of cooperation rarely extends beyond the region’s borders and is mostly of an irregular (short-term) nature. A small number of enterprises that engage in international cooperation tend to rely on long-term linkages with academia, which is a distinctive feature of the most innovative Russian companies, including also those involved in the creation and distribution of intellectual property.
Седьмой выпуск аналитического доклада, подготовленный Институтом статистических исследований и экономики знаний Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики» в рамках деятельности Российской кластерной обсерватории, посвящен анализу инновационного развития российских регионов на основе комплекса рейтинговых оценок. Исследование базируется на системе показателей, характеризующих социально-экономические условия инновационной деятельности, научно-технический потенциал, уровень инновационной и экспортной активности, качество региональной инновационной политики. Используемые показатели отвечают российским и международным статистическим стандартам, применяемые методологические подходы согласуются с практикой построения региональных инновационных индексов и формирования соответствующих рейтингов под эгидой международных организаций. В дополнение к рейтинговым оценкам инновационного развития субъектов Российской Федерации в издании представлены результаты рейтинга готовности регионов к будущему, свидетельствующие о качестве регионального стратегического управления.
This paper focuses on revealing the heterogeneous impact of firms' specificities and the environment on the sophistication of the cooperative innovation strategies. We use the firm-level data on innovation strategies of over 800 innovation-active manufacturing enterprises in Russia to model the networking strategy as a simultaneous choice of the range of cooperative linkages (within and beyond the value chain and knowledge production sectors) with a special respect to geography of partners. The determinants comprise the internal factors (as absorptive capacity) and the external conditions (e.g. technological opportunities, appropriability and competition regimes). Revealed effects prove the initial heterogeneity hypothesis thus challenging the widespread simplified perception of 'openness' of the innovation strategy as a one-dimensional characteristic.
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