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The authors have studied the influence of a probiotic and a gastrointestinal adsorbent on the histostructure of the digestive tract of broilers. Day-old broilers were divided into groups of 50 heads each by the method of analog pairs in terms of live weight. Control broilers received a basic diet. Broilers of the 1st experimental group during the first three days of the experiment received probiotic Vetom-1.1 (0.006%) containing spores of Bacillus subtilis with the basic diet, and broilers of the 2nd experimental group received gastrointestinal adsorbent Enterosgel (0.008%). For histological studies, three heads of broilers were selected at day 1 of age, day 4 of age, and at the end of the experiment (after the end of feeding the preparation and before the transition to the basic diet) from the average weight of each group. Samples were excised from the middle of the crop, the glandular part of the stomach, the duodenum, the jejunum, and the proximal part of the cecum of birds. At the end of the experiment, the positive aftereffect of the preparation persisted in the crop and duodenum. At the same time, in the experimental group, the thickness of the submucous membrane of the stomach decreased, and in the cecum, the layer of villi increased.

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The purpose of this work was to identify the features of the location and distribution of GCs with neutral and acidic secretions in the duodenum, jejunum, and proximal part of the caecum. The paper presents the results of a study of the development of goblet intestinal cells and the influence of Bacillus subtilis spores on this process. The study was carried out at the educational and experimental poultry house of the Russian State Agrarian University, Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev. Broilers of the Konkurent cross were used, from which two groups of 50 heads were formed by the method of pairs of analogs in live weight. In the first three days of life, chickens of the experimental group apart from the basic diet received the Vetom-1.1 probiotic containing Bacillus subtilis spores (0.006%). From the age of four days, all chickens received the basic diet. The duration of the experiment was 42 days. The density of the location of goblet cells with acid secret decreases in all parts of the intestine, except for the crypts of the caecum in broilers of the experimental group. In the broilers of the experimental group, immediately after feeding the preparation, there was a significant increase in the density of goblet cells with a neutral secret in the villi of the duodenum by 22.2% (P<0.01), the crypts of the jejunum by 30.8% (P<0.001) and a decrease in the villi of the jejunum by 13.8% (P<0.01). By the end of the experiment, the density of GCs in the villi of the duodenum had increased slightly, and in the crypts of the jejunum and caecum, the number of cells with acid secret had increased.

The article reveals the design features of a new type of multifunctional object Theatron in the context of the existing historical urban environment. The formation of a typologically new object is due to the increased attention of people to cultural and entertainment institutions offering a wide range of services. The need for proper integration of modern architecture into the existing historical development of the city is one of the most important tasks facing the architect. The authors proposed architectural and planning solutions and the creation of recreational space. Since many theater and entertainment structures are located in memorial sites of national significance, or are themselves valuable historical heritage, the reconstruction of theater buildings is a constant and inevitable phenomenon in all countries and is associated with complex controversial issues of simultaneous preservation and the existing buildings’ improvement. In this regard, there is a constant need to “fit” such old buildings to the lifestyle of the modern audience and modern production methods of theaters in the XX-XXI centuries. Due to the technology development, the technology of demonstration space, stage equipment and engineering equipment of the entire building have changed. In addition, serious urban development problems have also emerged over the years. The city scale has changed, the population has increased, and there is a rapidly growing tourist flow. Transport has changed, Parking lots for cars, communication with the metro, landing stages for unloading decorations and other cargo were needed. There are also aesthetic urban planning problems that do not allow freely, unreasonably expand the building, add the new volumes. This work can contribute to the further development and improvement of the proposed methodology for designing public cultural objects.