BACKGROUNDBrachial plexus blockade is considered as cornerstone of regional anaesthesia practice. Ropivacaine is a new amide, long acting, pure S (-) enantiomer and local anaesthetic. This study was done to compare clonidine and dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to 0.75% ropivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus block.

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Post-operative pain, which is most stressful, is receiving more attention recently. Almost each surgical procedure is associated with post-operative pain and severity depends on site and nature of surgery. 1 since the newer narcotic analgesics are no more effective as analgesics than the old; and various traditional modes of administration are associated with significant complications role of Epidural administration of Narcotic drugs has come into vogue. 2 Despite the availability of many techniques to reduce postoperative pain, the search is on for a safe, simple and readily available procedure to lessen the post-operative pain. In this study we are trying to assess the effect of Epidural administration of Fentanyl added to Bupivacaine in Gynaecological surgical patients, studying its efficacy and duration of post-operative analgesia, which is likely to reduce the complications associated with narcotic usage and effective postoperative analgesia.

BACKGROUND Endotracheal intubation for giving anaesthesia and for other purposes have become integral part of anaesthesiology. Tracheal intubation provides a patent airway for unconscious person. For endotracheal intubation, direct laryngoscopy is a tool. Direct laryngoscopy and passage of endotracheal tube are noxious stimuli that can provoke adverse responses in cardiovascular system. To prevent adverse responses different drugs are used in different methods. In the present study, we are comparing the effects of esmolol and propofol to obtund adverse responses in the cardiovascular system. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hospital-based prospective randomised comparative study, which includes 70 normotensive patients aged 15 to 60 years of either sex belonging to ASA I and II, Mallampati class 1 and 2 posted for various elective non-cardiac surgeries. In this study, the group 1 patients received esmolol 1 mg/kg bolus and in group 2 propofol 1 mg/kg bolus after 1 minute of induction. Haemodynamic parameters were recorded (SBP, DBP, MAP and HR) before and after intubation and compared. RESULTS The mean heart rate in both group 1 and 2 reduced significantly from preoperative value after 2 minutes of drug administration. The mean values of the haemodynamic parameters HR, SBP, DBP and MAP were compared in group 1 and 2 after 5 minutes of intubation. There is no statistically significance between the two groups as the p value >0.05. CONCLUSION Both esmolol and propofol were effective in attenuation of haemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation.

BACKGROUNDThis study was undertaken to determine whether epidural analgesia is superior to all methods of pain relief for labour. Previous studies compared different concentrations of local anaesthetics epidurally with or without additives. Here ropivacaine is compared because, it is a new long acting amide local anaesthetic agent which is less lipophilic than bupivacaine and is less likely to penetrate large myelinated motor fibres, resulting in relatively reduced motor blockade. The reduced lipophilicity is associated with decreased potential of central nervous system toxicity and cardiotoxicity. Because of its favourable pharmacokinetic profile, the ropivacaine is chosen for labour epidural in comparison with bupivacaine. Aims and Objectives-to compare smaller concentration of epidural ropivacaine with bupivacaine in intermittent doses for obstetric analgesia by adding fentanyl to ropivacaine and bupivacaine solutions.