Introduction: Although the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is creating a major global health crisis, the risk factors for mortality and the detailed clinical course of disease has not yet established. Aim: To determine association of the demographic data of COVID-19 patients with clinical profile and disease outcomes. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional single-center study considered adults patients of both the gender from March to June 2020 with an estimated sample size of 2000 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection by Reverse Transcriptase- Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) technique. Necessary demographic and clinical data were collected and selected subjects were followed-up until discharge or death. Subjects were classified as those who survived (1839 patients) and succumbed (138 patients) to death. T-test was used for comparing continuous variables and chi-square test for categorical data between the groups. Results: The study included 1977 patients with a male-to-female ratio of 1:0.62. Fever, dyspnea and cough were noted as the major symptoms prevalent among patients who succumbed to death when compared to those who survived (p-value <0.001). Statistically significant variables noted between the groups were age (survived mean age- 42.74±15.15 years vs mean age 59.12±12.95 in those who succumbed to death, p-value <0.001), age groups (p-value <0.001), gender (p-value 0.042), haemoglobin, Total Leucocyte Count (TLC), neutrophil, lymphocytes, Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), ferritin, all the comorbidity variables and the asymptomatic status. Variables identified as significant predictors of disease outcomes were Haemoglobin (Hb), TLC, neutrophils, lymphocytes, NLR, LDH and ferritin (p-value <0.001). Most of the subjects belonging to the mortality group required oxygen and other Intensive Care Unit (ICU) facilities when compared to the survival group (p-value <0.001). The mean days of viral clearance noted in COVID subjects was around 8.98±3.54 days. Conclusion: Hb, TLC, neutrophils, lymphocytes, NLR, LDH and ferritin are noted as significant predictors of COVID-19 outcome. Biochemical monitoring of COVID-19 patients helps in identifying critically ill patients early and can reduce mortality and improve the recovery.

Background: COVID-19 has disrupted many countries worldwide; its high mortality and spread has overwhelmed the healthcare systems. Hence it has become important to identify reliable predictors of disease severity and morbidity which would streamline healthcare resources into improving efficiency of management and thus improving the clinical burden and overall outcome. Since dyslipidemia in COVID-19 has been associated with worse outcomes, it can be determined by lipid parameters at admission and its trends. Aim: To correlate serum lipid parameters levels in COVID-19 patients, admitted in an Indian setting, with clinical outcome. Methods: A single-center, observational cross-sectional study was conducted in COVID-19 positive patients admitted from April1st, 2021 to May 1st, 2021. The diagnosis was confirmed by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Each serum lipid parameter was compared to clinical outcomes and checked for statistical association. Results: A total of 157 COVID-19 patients were studied. By the Mann-Whitney test TC median values were 109.5 in the Non survivors and 138 in survivor group (p value <0.05), HDL was 13 in non survivors and 33 in survivors. LDL was 18 in the non-survivor group and 46 (p-value <0.05 for both). The median TG in the group that succumbed to death was 48 as compared to the survivor group which was 138 (p value <0.05). HDL/LDL ratio was 0.14 in non-survivor group and 0.29 in survivors. However, the VLDL-C levels and TC/HDL showed a significant increase in the group that succumbed to death as compared to the group that survived (p=0.003 and p<0.05). ROC curve showed that HDL-C has maximum AUC of 9.77 and least standard error 0.013. Conclusion: Hypolipidemia was seen among many COVID-19 patients and had a strong association with the outcome of the disease. Most sensitive being the levels of HDL-C cholesterol at admission, which could be potentially be used as a cost-free test at the time of triaging patients based on ........

Background: The objective of this study was to estimate the Interleukin-6 levels of COVID 19 patients and to find any associations between Interleukin-6 levels and age, gender, co-morbidities, symptoms, clinical outcomes and other biochemical parameters among COVID19 patients.Methods: It was a cross sectional observational study conducted on 150 patients admitted to Victoria Hospital, Bangalore medical college from May 2020 to September 2020. Case record form with follow up chart was used to record the relevant demographic details, clinical data including symptoms, co-morbid conditions and various laboratory data. COVID 19 infection was diagnosed by RTPCR technique and severity of COVID-19 disease was classified according to WHO guidelines and guidelines laid by Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, India. Interleukin-6 levels were correlated with the above parameters.Results: It was found that IL6 was elevated and found to be statistically significant with the presence of co-morbid conditions including Hypertension, with the presence of symptoms including fever, cough, breathlessness, with the severity of the disease, with the presence of intubation, with the mortality of the illness and strong association with neutrophil count, C-reactive protein, Ferritin and Neutrophil-Lymphocyte ratio.Conclusions: IL6 can be used as a viable biomarker for knowing the severity of COVID19, to predict the outcome and prognosis of the patient and associations with various presenting symptoms, co-morbid conditions and other laboratory values.

Background: The pandemic COVID19 has been causing significant morbidity and to some extent mortality as well. There has been urgent need to evaluate and identify the reliable predictors of disease severity and outcome. The fatal outcomes by COVID-19 are accompanied with micro vascular thromboembolism, which in turn is determined by serum D-dimer levels. Aim: To correlate serum D-dimer levels in COVID 19 patients admitted in an Indian setting, with clinical profiles and disease outcomes. Methods: A single-centre, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted among SARS-CoV-2 infected patients from March 2020 to May 2020. The diagnosis was confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Serum D-dimer levels were compared with the treatment outcomes of the COVID-19 positive patients. Results: A total of 1977 COVID-19 patients were studied. The mean age was 43.89±15.58years and had male preponderance of 61.56% of the total subjects. The mean serum D-dimer levels among recovered and expired patients were 1.05±5.4mcg/ml and 1.81±2.92mcg/ml respectively. Conclusion: Serum D-dimer was increased in COVID-19 patients but did not show significant difference between the survival and the non-survival group, thus disproving it as a useful marker for assessing the severity of COVID-19.

Acute pancreatitis is a common gastrointestinal disease, most frequently requiring acute hospitalization. During SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2) pandemic, the etiologic agent of COVID-19, several studies described the involvement of other tissues besides the respiratory tract, such as the gastrointestinal tract. In pancreas, ACE-2 receptor is expressed in exocrine glands and islets, both being targets for the virus and subsequent pancreatic injury. There are few articles which report pancreatic injury in COVID-19 patients but most of them do not report acute pancreatitis. Diagnosing acute pancreatitis in the setting of COVID-19 pandemic is challenging and requires ruling out all other potential causes of pancreatitis. Herein we report a rare case of severe acute pancreatitis.