The energy-efficient motion control of a mobile robot fueled by batteries is an especially important and difficult problem, which needs to be continually addressed in order to prolong the robot’s independent operation time. Thus, in this article, a full optimization process for a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is proposed. The optimization process employs a genetic algorithm (GA) to minimize the energy consumption of a differential drive wheeled mobile robot (DDWMR) and still ensure its other performances of the motion control. The earlier approaches mainly focused on energy reduction by planning the shortest path whereas this approach aims to optimize the controller for minimizing acceleration of the robot during point-to-point movement and thus minimize the energy consumption. The proposed optimized controller is based on fuzzy logic systems. At first, an FLC has been designed based on the experiment and as well as an experience to navigate the DDWMR to a known destination by following the given path. Next, a full optimization process by using the GA is operated to automatically generate the best parameters of all membership functions for the FLC. To evaluate its effectiveness, a set of other well-known controllers have been implemented in Google Colab® and Jupyter platforms in Python language to compare them with each other. The simulation results have shown that about 110% reduction of the energy consumption was achieved using the proposed method compared to the best of six alternative controllers. Also, this simulation program has been published as an open-source code for all readers who want to continue in the research.

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Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly attracting investment and development attention from many countries all over the world due to their great advantages. However, one of the biggest challenges for researchers is the problem of supplying energy to UAVs to ensure they can operate for a longer time. Especially in the case of rotary wings, they consume more energy than other UAV types as the motors need to spend a lot of energy to operate in order to overcome the gravity of the earth. The article aims to research power supply, energy consumption on UAVs, and a method of taking advantage of external energy sources to provide power for the operation of UAVs and discuss UAVs’ structure, categories, and control. Two experiments were conducted separately to evaluate the energy consumption of UAVs and the energy conversion from external energy sources to electrical energy. A test bench was designed to evaluate and determine the maximum efficiency using regenerative braking mode. The measuring device was manufactured to measure the necessary parameters to calculate the energy consumption and performance of the system. Experimental numerical results show that energy conversion from external sources is one of methods that can help increase the flight time of the UAV.

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