From an EtOAc-soluble fraction of the leaves of Azadirachta indica, two new 28-norlimonoids named nimbandiolactone-21 (1) and nimbandioloxyfuran (2), together with nimbandiolactone-23 (3), were isolated. Their relative structures were elucidated based on NMR spectroscopic interpretation and biosynthetic consideration. Nimbandioloxyfuran (2) and nimbandiolactone-23 (3) showed potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, with the IC values of 46.2 and 38.7 μM, respectively.

From an EtOAc-soluble fraction of the leaves of Azadirachta indica, one new lactam 28-norlimonoid named nimbandiolactam-21 (1), together with 2 known limonoids (2 and 3) were isolated. Their relative structures were elucidated based on NMR spectroscopic analysis. Nimbandiolactone-23 (2) showed the most potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, with an IC value of 38.7 μM. Compound 1 represents the first naturally occurring example of a 28-norlimonoid having the lactam moiety. The plausible biosynthetic pathway for the formation of lactam moiety in 1 was proposed.