Water Resources Division, to evaluate sealing effects on surface-water and groundwater systems of the Big Four Hollow Creek and Sandy Run area just below the mine. Data were collected by private consultants in 1970-71 near the mouth of Big Four Hollow Creek (U.S. Geological Survey station 03201700). Results showed an average pH of 3.1 (calculated from mean hydrogen-ion concentration in moles per liter) and a pH range of 2.7 to 4.8. The estimated sulfate load was 1,000 pounds per day, and the estimated iron load was 100 pounds per day. Data collected in 1979, before dike construction at this site, showed a daily mean pH range of 3.4 to 5.4, with an average of 3.7, and a daily mean specific-conductance range of 160 to 600 microrrihos per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius (.umho/cm), averaging 400. Again, the estimated sulfate load was 1,000 pounds per day, but the estimated iron load had decreased to 50 pounds per day. The first 6 months of postconstruction data from the site in 1980 showed a daily mean pH range of 4.5 to 6.8, with an average of 4.9, and a daily mean conductance range of 175 to 405 pmho/cm with average of 300. The estimated sulfate load had decreased to 570 pounds per day and the iron load to 8.5 pounds per day. Data collected during the first 6 months after construction indicate moderate improvement in water quality. However, acidic water is still being impounded behind the dike and seals and has not yet been flushed out by infiltrating rain and ground water. Because the system has not yet stabilized, no interpretation or conclusive statement can be made at this time.

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PREPARED IN COOPERATION WITH GEAUGA COUNTY SANITATION ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT Abstract (Limit: 200 words)A ground-water well inventory, water level measurements, and water-quality samplings were obtained in Geauga County, Ohio. A ground-water potentiometric-surface map and a potentiometric-surface change map were constructed to provide a data base for future studies of the effects of ground-water development.Water levels were found to fluctuate little except where nearby or recent pumping had occurred. Water-quality was found to meet Ohio EPA and U.S. Public Health Service Standards for domestic use except where iron and manganese were greater. Document Analysis a. DescriptorsWater wells, Ground-water data, Observation wells, Aquifers, Potentiometricsurface map, Water-level fluctuation, Ground-water quality, Sampling, Standards, Hydrogeology.

Public water supplies in Ohio withdrew 1,420 million gallons per day in 1985 to supply 83 percent of the population. The State ranked seventh in the Nation in publicwater-supply withdrawals and sixth in the population (8.9 million) served by public-water suppliers. Ohio ranked 31st in total public-water-supply use per capita at 160 gallons per day, whereas the National average was 183 gallons per day. Comparison of the population trend with the reservoir storage trend from 1880 to 1985 in Ohio indicates an increasing reliance by public water supplies on Ohio's surfacewater sources. Counties reporting high per capita usage rates generally are in the northern part of the State and generally tap surface-water sources. Counties characterized by high per capita use also tend to be in areas of high population density. The Ohio Department of Natural Resources and the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency maintain statewide inventories of water-use data and are the principal sources of public-water-supply data at the State level.