What are the molecular properties of agricultural chemicals, how do they function and why should they be studied? How do they affect the agroecosystem and how are they linked to application technologies? These questions arise due to the lack of information in the literature about this issue and form the basis of the current review. In general, a better understanding of the physical-chemical characteristics of agricultural chemicals makes it possible to improve their efficiency of application, consequently reducing losses and maintaining the integrity of the environment. These points underscore the importance of this subject, which has been deeply discussed in Europe. In Brazil, there are few studies that examine the physicochemical properties of pesticides at the molecular level and virtually none that examine their impact. Thus, the current study attempts to clarify the concepts, applications, and interactions of the physical-chemical properties of agricultural chemicals with the environment. The trade secrets associated with these molecules are essential to the agrochemical industry, which certainly restricts scientific publications on the topic. Nevertheless, these properties are linked to the products' mobility in the soil, disassociation in water, bioaccumulation, persistence, and durability in the environment and on the target. In summary, the more mobile and persistent a molecule is, the greater its potential for seepage and leaching and, consequently, the greater its potential for contaminating surface, subsurface, and ground water. This type of molecule becomes more environmentally aggressive if it bioaccumulates readily and degrades slowly. It should be noted that proper handling of agrochemicals depends not only on an understanding of their molecular properties, but also on their safe application. These concepts are essential for the successful promotion and sustainable use of these products in rural areas.

There are researchers who do not recommend data transformation arguing it causes problems in inferences and mischaracterises data sets, which can hinder interpretation. There are other researchers who consider data transformation necessary to meet the assumptions of parametric models. Perhaps the largest group of researchers who make use of data transformation are concerned with experimental accuracy, which provokes the misuse of this tool. Considering this, our paper offer a study about the most frequent situations related to data transformation and how this tool can impact ANOVA assumptions and experimental accuracy. Our database was obtained from measurements of seed physiology and seed technology. The coefficient of variation cannot be used as an indicator of data transformation. Data transformation might violate the assumptions of analysis of variance, invalidating the idea that its use will provoke fail the inferences, even if it does not improve the quality of the analysis. The decision about when to use data transformation is dichotomous, but the criteria for this decision are many. The unit (percentage, day or seedlings per day), the experimental design and the possible robustness of Fstatistics to 'small deviations' to Normal are among the main indicators for the choice of the type of transformation.

Broiler breeders. Eggshell thickness. Shell area. Shell index.

-The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of salt concentrations in culture media on the early development of "barueiro" (Dipteryx alata) seedlings, obtained from the shoot apex, in vitro. Two different in vitro culture media -Murashige & Skoog (MS) and wood plant medium (WPM) -in different salt concentrations (25, 50, 75, and 100%) were used. At 120 days, the D. alata seedlings in the MS medium, in its original concentration (100%), developed better than in other concentrations or in the WPM. Therefore, the MS medium was considered the most suitable for ensuring in vitro establishment because it provided greater root length (27.65 cm) and number of leaves per plant (26 leaves) than the other medium.

RESUMOO objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a influência da coloração dos frutos na emergência e no crescimento das plantas de Eugenia calycina Cambess (pitangueira-do-cerrado), assim como de substratos com diferentes proporções de material orgânico e estruturante. Palavras-chave: maturação do fruto, fruteiras nativas, pitangueira-do-cerrado, sementes. Fruit Coloring and Substrate in Emergence and Growth of Eugenia calycina Cambess Seedlings ABSTRACTThis study aimed to evaluate the influence of fruit coloring in emergence process and growth of Eugenia calycina Cambess seedlings, as well substrates with different proportions of organic and structuring material. Three experiments were conducted: the first of emergence; the second of plant growth, both with fruits of green color, orange/red, light red and dark red; and the third experiment was conducted to compare five mixture of Bioplant  supplemented with Vermiculita  and coconut i powder n the seedling growth, both in proportion of 20 and 40%. The fruit coloring did not influence the capacity of emergence, time (initial, mean and final), rate and synchrony of emergence of E. calycina seedlings. The growth of E. calycina seedlings is independent of fruit color up to 270 days. The Vermiculita  and -coconut powder supplemented by Bioplant  do not improved the plants growth up to 120 days of cultivation.