RESUMOO presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar o desempenho anaeróbio e a ativação muscular durante um teste de ciclismo supramáximo em três diferentes alturas do selim. Doze ciclistas competitivos completaram um teste incremental em cicloergômetro e três testes de Wingate de 30 s em diferentes alturas do selim (referência, baixa e alta), de forma randomizada, em diferentes dias. A altura do selim foi alterada para baixo e para cima a partir da posição de referência usando como parâmetro o valor referente a (± 2,5%) da distância da sínfise púbica até o solo. O sinal eletromiográfico (EMG) foi obtido dos músculos reto femoral, vasto lateral, bíceps femoral (cabeça longa) e gastrocnêmio lateral. As variáveis anaeróbias e os dados de EMG foram divididos em seis janelas consecutivas de 5 s. Os sinals EMG foram normalizados pela primeira janela da posição de referência para estipular as mudanças percentuais ao longo do teste. Os resultados sugerem que durante o teste de Wingate de 30 s pequenas alterações na altura do selim resultam em aumento da potência pico (referência=1380±241 W; baixa=1497±175 W, p=0,036; alta=1491±225 W, p=0,049) e maior período de ativação percentual para o vasto lateral (referência=33,6%, baixa=33,2%, alta=35,0%; p=0,001) em relação ao reto femoral (referência=24,5%, baixa=25,2%, alta=23.7%), bíceps femoral (referência=20,7%, baixa=20,8%, alta=19,9%) e gastrocnêmio lateral (referência=21,2%, baixa=20,8%, alta=19,9%). Os resultados sugerem que pequenos ajustes na altura do selim podem afetar a relação força-comprimento e, consequentemente, a capacidade de gerar força e o padrão de recrutamento muscular dos membros inferiores. Palavras-chave: Ciclismo. Fadiga. Potência anaeróbia. ABSTRACTThis study aimed to analyze the anaerobic performance and muscle activation during a supramaximal cycling test at three different saddle positions. Twelve competitive cyclists completed an incremental cycling test and three 30-s Wingate tests in three different saddle heights (reference, downward, and upward), in a random order, on different days. The saddle height was individually shifted downward and upward (seeing 2.5% of the distance from the pubic symphysis to ground) from the reference position. The electromyographic signal (EMG) data was obtained from the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris (long head), and gastrocnemius lateralis in order to assess muscle activation during the entire test. The anaerobic variables and the EMG data were divided into six consecutive windows of 5-s. The EMG signals were normalized by the first 5-s window of the reference position to provide the percentage changes throughout the test. The results suggest that during a 30-s Wingate test small changes in saddle height result in greater peak power output (reference=1380±241 W; downward=1497±175 W, p=0.036; upward=1491±225 W, p=0.049) and greater activation period for vastus lateralis (reference=33.6%, downward=33.2%, upward=35.0%; p=0.001) in comparision to rectus femoris (reference=24.5%, downward=25.2%, upwa...

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n4p411 Pedaling asymmetries quantified during stationary cycling, when cyclist body positioning and intensity remain unchanged, may not fully reproduce the training and competition situations, in which cyclists experience different intensities and may opt for different saddle positioning aiming at power output optimization. Previous studies showed that torque and power can be asymmetric in cyclists. It is not clear whether changes in saddle height and exercise intensity may affect asymmetries. The aim of the present study was to determine pedaling asymmetries during cycling at different saddle heights and different exercise intensities. Twelve competitive cyclists performed an incremental maximal test, a constant-load (“heavy” intensity domain), and a Wingate test. Constant load and the Wingate tests were repeated using three different saddle heights (reference and lower or higher by 2.5% of the distance from the pubic symphysis to the ground). Crank torque was recorded throughout the pedaling cycle. Asymmetry (higher torque for the preferred limb) was found in all saddle heights (p<0.001) in both intensities. Asymmetry index was similar across the saddle positions (p>0.05) in both intensities. Our results suggest that asymmetric cyclists present a consistent pattern regardless of small changes in the saddle height or in exercise intensity. For practical implication, cyclists producing asymmetric torque may be adapted to this condition so they are continuously exposed to asymmetric effort and overload on the lower limbs.

RESUMOO objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar a capacidade anaeróbia em jogadores profissionais de futebol de diferentes níveis competitivos e em suas respectivas posições de jogo, no início da pré-temporada. O grupo de estudo foi constituído por 44 atletas, do sexo masculino, pertencentes a dois grupos (A e B) de níveis competitivos diferentes. O grupo A foi composto por 20 atletas da 1ª divisão do Campeonato Português. O grupo B foi composto por 24 atletas da 2ª divisão do Campeonato Gaúcho -Brasil. Para a avaliação da capacidade anaeróbia foi utilizado o Running-based Anaerobic Sprint Test -RAST. Para análise dos dados foi utilizado o teste t de Student para amostras independentes e análise de variância (ANOVA One Way) completada com o post hoc de Tukey. Os resultados mostram que os atletas do grupo A apresentaram melhor desempenho referente à potência média e piores valores para o índice de fadiga. No grupo A foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas entre atacantes e outras duas posições (meio-campistas e laterais) para o índice de fadiga. Concluímos que existem diferenças significativas na capacidade anaeróbia, avaliada no início da pré-temporada, entre atletas de futebol que atuam em competições de diferentes níveis e posições de jogo (grupo A). Palavras-chave: futebol, atletas, capacidade anaeróbia, índice de fadiga ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to compare anaerobic capacity in professional soccer players of different competitive levels in their respective positions in the game, early in the preseason. The study group consisted of 44 male athletes belonging to two groups (A and B) of different competitive levels. Group A was composed of 20 athletes participating in the Sagres League -Portuguese. Group B was composed of 24 athletes participating in the 2nd division Championship Gaucho -Brazil. For the assessment of anaerobic capacity it was applied the Running-based Anaerobic Sprint Test -RAST. For data analysis it was used the Student t test for independent samples and analysis of variance (ANOVA One Way) supplemented with post hoc Tukey. Results showed that group A athletes performed better on the average power and worst values for the fatigue index. In the group A it was found statistical difference between attacks and other two positions (midfielder and side back) for the fatigue index. It is concluded that there was significant differences in anaerobic capacity, measured at the start of the preseason, evaluated soccer players who work in competitions of different levels and positions play (group A).

Comparison of body composition and aerobic and anaerobic performance between competitive cyclists and triathletes Comparação da composição corporal, desempenho aeróbio e anaeróbio entre ciclistas e triatletas competitivosAbstract -The aim of this study was to compare anthropometric characteristics and aerobic and anaerobic fitness between competitive cyclists and triathletes. The sample consisted of 11 cyclists and 12 triathletes with experience in competitions. The tests were performed on two different days, with an interval of 48 h between sessions. On the first day, the athletes were submitted to anthropometric assessment (body mass, height, and skinfold thickness) and a maximal incremental test to determine maximal oxygen uptake, maximum power, maximum heart rate, maximum lactate, and the first (LL 1 ) and second lactate threshold (LL 2 ). The Wingate test was conducted on the second day to determine peak power, average power, and fatigue index. There were significant difference (p < 0.05), with medium effect size (0.80 -1.5), in mid-thigh skinfold thickness (15.2 ± 6.3 and 10.5 ± 4.8 mm), power at LL 1 (195.0 ± 30.9 and 162.7 ± 28.3 W), power at LL 2 (247.6 ± 25.0 and 219.7 ± 37.9 W), and fatigue index (47.2 ± 13.0 and 60.1 ± 16.4%) between cyclists and triathletes, respectively. The other variables did not differ between groups. Anthropometric characteristics are similar in triathletes and cyclists. However, cyclists present higher power outputs at the lactate thresholds (LL 1 and LL 2 ) and lower fatigue indexes. Key words: Aerobic performance; Anaerobic performance; Anthropometry; Cycling; Triathlon. (0,80 -1,5) para a dobra cutânea da coxa média (15,2 ± 6,3 e 10,5 ± 4,8 mm), potência no LL 1 (195,0 ± 30,9 e 162,7 ± 28,3 W), potência no LL 2 (247,6 ± 25 e 219,7 ± 37,9 W) e índice de fadiga (47,2 ± 13,0 e 60,1 ± 16,4 %) Resumo -O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar as características antropométricas e aptidão aeróbia e anaeróbia entre ciclistas e triatletas competitivos. Participaram do estudo 11 ciclistas e 12 triatletas com experiência em competições esportivas. As avaliações foram realizadas em dois dias distintos, com intervalo de

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