Objectives: To assess the accuracy of reporting from both a diet history and food record and identify some of the characteristics of more accurate reporters in a group of healthy adult volunteers for an energy balance study. Design: Prospective measurements in free-living people. Setting: Wollongong, Australia. Subjects: Fifteen healthy volunteers (seven male, eight female; aged 22 -59 y; body mass index (BMI) 19 -33 kg=m 2 ) from the local community in the city of Wollongong, Australia. Interventions: Measurement of energy intake via diet history interview and 7 day food records, total energy expenditure by the doubly labelled water technique over 14 days, physical activity by questionnaire, and body fat by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.Results: Increased misreporting of energy intake was associated with increased energy expenditure (r ¼ 0.90, P < 0.0001, diet history; r S ¼ 0.79, P ¼ 0.0005, food records) but was not associated with age, sex, BMI or body fat. Range in number of recorded dinner foods correlated positively with energy expenditure (r S ¼ 0.63, P ¼ 0.01) and degree of misreporting (r S ¼ 0.71, P ¼ 0.003, diet history; r S ¼ 0.63, P ¼ 0.01, food records). Variation in energy intake at dinner and over the whole day identified by the food records correlated positively with energy expenditure (r ¼ 0.58, P ¼ 0.02) and misreporting on the diet history (r ¼ 0.62, P ¼ 0.01). Conclusions: Subjects who are highly active or who have variable dietary and exercise behaviour may be less accurate in reporting dietary intake. Our findings indicate that it may be necessary to screen for these characteristics in studies where accuracy of reporting at an individual level is critical. Keywords: energy intake; energy metabolism; diet records; intervention studies *Correspondence: J Barnard, Department Biomedical Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. E-mail: jag02@uow.edu.au Guarantor: L Tapsell. Contributors: JAB and VLB recruited subjects, analysed food record and diet history data and collected urine samples for analysis. PSWD analysed the urine samples and estimated EE. JAB carried out analysis and statistical procedures on resulting data. LHS provided conceptual and statistical guidance. LCT prepared the initial draft of the manuscript, which was worked up and finished by JAB. VLB made editorial contributions. LCT and LHS were responsible for the overall supervision of the project.

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In HD patients with B12 < 300 pmol/L, following treatment with hydroxocobalamin there was reduced erythropoietin requirements, maintained Hb and a small but significant rise in the serum albumin. RCF may be low in haemodialysis patients with metabolic cobalamin deficiency and rises significantly after supplementation. Hydroxocobalamin supplementation may have the potential to reduce the cost of anaemia management.