Objective: to understand the perceptions of people with leprosy about disease and treatment. Methods: qualitative study conducted with nine adults in chemotherapy treatment. Data was collected through semistructured interviews and submitted to content analysis in thematic modality. Results: participants reported a concern, distrust, and resistance to accepting the diagnosis. When diagnosed, they felt shame and fear of suffering prejudice. Living with the disease caused important changes, such as the inability to get out, to exercise or perform leisure activities, but the improvement resulting from treatment reassured them, and the need to care for a dependent care motivated them to do it. Families expressed attention, and care was recognized as important, and the absence of these events meant abandonment and exclusion. Conclusion: people with leprosy have demanded not always identified by health professionals, but they had repercussions in the management of the treatment and welfare of these people. Descriptors: Leprosy; Community Health Nursing; Therapeutics; Diagnosis; Family Relations. Objetivo: compreender as percepções de pessoas com hanseníase acerca da doença e tratamento. Métodos: estudo qualitativo, realizado com nove adultos em tratamento poliquimioterápico. Dados coletados mediante entrevista semiestruturada e submetidos à análise de conteúdo, modalidade temática. Resultados: os participantes relataram preocupação, desconfiança e resistência em aceitar o diagnóstico. Diagnosticados, sentiram vergonha e medo de sofrerem preconceito. Conviver com a doença provocou mudanças importantes, como a impossibilidade de saírem, se exercitarem ou realizarem atividades de lazer, mas a melhora advinda do tratamento os tranquilizou, e a necessidade de cuidar de um familiar dependente de cuidados lhes motivou a realizá-lo. As famílias que manifestaram atenção e cuidados foram reconhecidas como importantes; e a ausência dessas manifestações significou abandono e exclusão. Conclusão: pessoas com hanseníase apresentam demandas nem sempre identificadas pelos profissionais de saúde, mas estas repercutem no manejo do tratamento e bem-estar destas.
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