The advent of rituximab has significantly improved the clinical outcomes of patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Although rituximab is considered safe and effective, data on its long-term use are limited, which suggests that patients should undergo systematic, long-term follow-up aiming to identify delayed or yet undescribed adverse reactions and optimize treatment effectiveness. This study presents an overview of systematic reviews of strategies for follow-up of DLBCL patients receiving rituximab and documents the current state of knowledge on efficacy and safety in this population. A highly sensitive strategy was used to identify systematic reviews of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) in the Cochrane Library, Embase, Lilacs, MEDLINE, and Scirus databases. A handsearch of medical and government agency websites was also conducted. Seven studies were included, among them there were RCTs of patients who used CHOP/CHOP-like chemotherapy plus rituximab for three to eight cycles every 14 to 21 days as induction therapy, whereas some studies used maintenance therapy for 3 to 24 months. Only one study described a follow-up model for management of adverse drug reactions. The benefits of rituximab for induction therapy of DLBCL were demonstrated, although there is no evidence of significant improvement in the overall survival of high-risk patients or those with HIV-related lymphoma. Rituximab therapy was associated with increased rates of fever, infection, and grade 3/4 hematological toxicity, as well as higher infection-related mortality in HIV-positive patients. Although one study addressed the management of adverse reactions to rituximab, our search did not yield any publications on systematic follow-up strategies for these patients. This finding suggests that such instruments should be developed and validated to optimize the effectiveness and long-term safety of novel therapies.

Although some systematic reviews and clinical trials contain guidance on follow-up of patients receiving rituximab for NHL, there are no validated strategies for systematic follow-up of these patients with a focus on safety. As there are few data on long-term safety profile of these novel treatments, monitoring strategies should be developed and implemented to ensure safe and optimized use of drugs recently added to the therapeutic arsenal of clinical oncology.