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Introduction: Dermatophytosis are very common fungal infections caused by the fungal species Microsporum, Epidermophyton or Trichophyton, which mostly affect the skin, the interdigital region, groin and scalp. Although they do not cause serious diseases, in patients with the human immunodeficiency virus the infection manifests itself and evolves exuberantly, usually with extensive and disseminated lesions. Objective: To review the literature on dermatophytosis in people living with human immunodeficiency virus and to present the experience in clinical care in a patient living with human immunodeficiency virus with extensive and disseminated dermatophytosis. Methods: A literature review on the topic was carried out in the PubMed/National Library of Medicine – USA databases, using the keywords dermatophytosis, or dermatophytosis associated with the words AIDS, human immunodeficiency virus or immunodeficiency, from 1988–2022. The clinical experience showed a patient living with human immunodeficiency virus developing AIDS and presenting with disseminated skin lesions. Samples of the lesion were collected by scraping, which were submitted to culture and there was growth of fungi of the Trichophyton sp genus. A biopsy of the lesion was also performed using the Grocott-Gomori's Methenamine Silver stain. Results: We found 1,014 articles, of which only 34 presented a direct correlation with our paper, and were used to discuss the main themes narrated in this article. We present clinical experience in the management of a patient with human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS and low adherence to antiretroviral treatment, showing extensive and disseminated erythematous-squamous lesions with a clinical diagnosis of tinea corporis, manifesting with a clinical picture usually not found in immunocompetent patients. The diagnosis was confirmed by laboratory tests with isolation of the Trichophyton sp fungus. The patient was treated with oral fluconazole, with complete remission of the clinical picture after two months. She was also thoroughly encouraged to use the prescribed antiretroviral medication correctly. Conclusion: Dermatophytosis in patients living with human immunodeficiency virus can present extensive and disseminated forms. The antifungal treatment is quite effective, with remission of the condition. Antiretroviral therapy is an important adjuvant for better recovery of the sickness.

The year 2022 was marked by a worldwide increase in the number of cases of infections by the monkeypox virus, being considered the greatest spread of this virus outside the African continent at all times. Full understanding of the significant increase in the number of monkeypox cases is still challenging, as it encompasses several clinical manifestations and particularities that make the correct diagnosis and adequate treatment difficult, increasing the potential for transmission of the virus between human beings. Just as public politics are being adopted in order to reduce the transmission of the virus, an alarm also occurs among health professionals who seek to understand the context of the significant increase in the number of cases worldwide, especially in young men. This work seeks to elucidate some knowledge gaps that still exist on the subject, such as the transmission routes of the disease, the epidemiological context, the particularities of the clinical management of dermatological lesions and the advent of new drugs for treatment. For this, PubMed, Lilacs and SciELO databases were used, searching for articles published from 1980 to 2022, in Portuguese, English and Spanish, respecting the inclusion and exclusion criteria adopted. Although the monkeypox virus was described for the first time in 1958, the literature on the subject is still limited and its bibliographic search proved to be a challenge for the author. According to the PRISMA stratification model, 40 articles that contributed to the result of the study were considered eligible, in which the sexual route was identified as a potential for transmission of the disease, with a prevalence of cases in males. It was also possible to identify morphological characteristics of the virus that allow it to survive longer on inert surfaces, as well as the contribution of the interruption of smallpox vaccination to the significant growth in the number of cases. Thus, this study proved to be efficient in establishing the causal relationships that culminated in the increase in the incidence of human infection by monkeypox worldwide, as well as contributing to the elucidation of diagnostic and treatment protocols in order to help medical procedures involving the disease.

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