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Objective Transbronchial lung cryobiopsy (TBLC) is a promising technique that can provide a histologic diagnosis in interstitial lung diseases (ILD) and is an alternative to surgical lung biopsy. The main concerns with the procedure are safety and diagnostic accuracy. The technique is applicable in patients unable to undergo surgical biopsy due to severe comorbidities or when patient transport to the operating room is dangerous. This study reports the initial experience with TBLC on a thoracic surgical service as a first attempt at diagnosis in patients with diffuse parenchymal lung diseases (DPLD). Methods Between May 2018 and July 2020, 32 patients underwent TBLC using bedside flexible bronchoscopy for suspected ILD on a thoracic surgical endoscopy service. Retrospective evaluation of the procedure details, complications, and diagnostic yield were analyzed and reported. Results A total of 89 pathological samples were obtained (mean 2.8 per patient). Pneumothorax and minor bleeding occurred in 25% and 16.7% of patients, respectively. Sixty-seven percent of complications occurred with use of the 2.4 mm cryoprobe ( P = 0.036). Concordance between the histologic diagnosis and final clinical diagnosis was observed in 62.5% of patients and the pathology guided the final treatment in 71% ( P = 0.027) with Kappa-concordance of 0.60 ( P < 0.001). Conclusions Cryobiopsy is becoming part of the diagnostic evaluation in patients with indeterminate DPLD or hypoxemic respiratory failure. TBLC is easy to perform and has a favorable safety profile. Thoracic specialists should consider adding TBLC to their procedural armamentarium as a first option for patients with indeterminate PLD.

OBJECTIVES: Identify the main causes of hospital admissions of patients less than 18 years old with sickle cell disease (SCD) in a reference hospital of Salvador, BA and describe the sociodemographic profile, cost and duration of admission and outpatient follow-up in our sample. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of admissions of patients of less than 18 years old with SCD (IDC D57.0, D57.1, D57.2, D57.8) from January 2013 to June 2018, at a reference hospital in Salvador, BA. Clinical and demographic variables were extracted from patient charts, such as gender, age, hemoglobin genotype, admission cause and cost. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and hypothesis testing with chi-square, Students t, Mann-Whitney and Fishers exact test using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences v. 23.0. Research was aproved by the ethics and research committee for human beings research of Obras Sociais Irmã Dulce. RESULTS: 53 admissions were analyzed, with vaso oclusive event as the main cause (20-37.7%), followed by infection (15-28.3%) and acute thoracic syndrome (8-15.1%). 23 (73.58%) of admissions happened in the first decade of life (p=0,008). Only 4 (7.5%) of patients used hydroxiurea. 45.3% admissions happened in the fall and 11.3% in spring (p=0,04). CONCLUSION: Despite the inversion of the main causes of hospitalization, they are still the most prevalent, reinforcing the possibility of need for better adherence to prophylactic measures and better access to outpatient treatment with hydroxyurea in structured and well-distributed network.