Objective: The association between chemical dependency and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is widely recognized, but there is less data regarding modern behavioral addictions among young adults. Method: In this cross-sectional study, a sample of 408 Hungarian college students (67.2% female, mean age 23.37 years [ SD = 3.87]) responded to an online survey including the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D), the Procrastination Scale, the Short College Boredom Scale, and the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS-SV). Results: Regression analyses showed that passive procrastination (ß = .31, p < .001), depression (ß = .20, p < .001), academic boredom (ß = .18, p < .001), active procrastination (ß = −.12, p < .001), and smartphone addiction (ß = .13, p < .001) were significantly related to ADHD symptoms, accounting for 41% of the variance. Conclusion: Findings provide important additions to knowledge of mental health challenges among young adults with ADHD.
Introduction Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and/or impulsivity. It is one of the most common disabilities in college populations and comorbidity with depression is frequently reported. Objectives The aim of the study is to shed light on depression as comorbidity and other intrapersonal correlates of ADHD in young adults. Methods Participants were Hungarian university students (N=420; M=24.5, SD=5.0 years). Criteria of the ADHD group were based on the Adult ADHD Self Report Scale V1.1 (ASRS-V.1.1) screening tool. The participants filled in the Beck’s Depression Inventory, the Hyperfocus Scale, Flow State Scale, Academic Persistence Scale, Satisfaction With Life Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Results We found that in the group of students who had ADHD symptoms, depression score was significantly (p<.001) higher (M=18.38, SD=5.87) than the control group’s scores (M=14.56, SD=4.45). Frequency of severe depression was 13.4% (moderate: 33.5%) while in the control group: 1.6% and 17.6% respectively. Participants reporting ADHD symptoms (N=164, 39%) also reported lower levels of resilience (M=23.40, SD=6.96), relative to their non-ADHD peers (M=27.69, SD=6.48). Significant differences were found in the areas of self-efficacy, depression, flow and hyperfocus as well, and ADHD symptoms contributed to lower level of life satisfaction (β=-0.24, p<.001). Conclusions Our findings suggest that university students reporting symptoms of ADHD may be assisted with strategies that are focused on increasing protective factors (i.e., resilience, self-efficacy, flow) to prevent depression and improve their life satisfaction and quality of life. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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