a b s t r a c tAgroforestry systems may help significantly reduce atmospheric carbon levels in forthcoming years through photosynthesis and regulation of soil CO 2 efflux. This study aimed to characterise the soil CO 2 efflux dynamics of coffee plants cultivated under agroforestry and full-sun production systems and identify the factors that regulate this process. The study was carried out in agroforestry and full-sun coffee systems on three family farms in Minas Gerais, the Atlantic Forest Biome, Brazil during three consective days on each farm. Twenty 1-m 2 sampling areas (10 for each system), each separated by a distance of 5 × 5 m and located between coffee plant rows, were selected on each farm. Soil physical and chemical attributes, air temperature and humidity, soil temperature and moisture, the percentage of canopy cover, and soil CO 2 efflux were measured at each sampling area in the two systems. The air and soil temperature in the agroforestry systems were lower and soil moisture was higher than in the full-sun systems. Soil CO 2 efflux showed different dynamics in the two systems. Daytime soil CO 2 efflux was more stable (i.e. from morning to midday) in the agroforestry system (average 15% increase) compared to the full-sun system (average 49.1% increase). Soil CO 2 efflux was regulated by labile carbon and total nitrogen variation in the agroforestry systems, and by soil temperature variation at a depth of 10 cm in the full-sun systems. A principal components analysis with data from all grouped systems showed that soil CO 2 efflux was generally positively correlated with soil temperature at 5 and 10 cm depths, and negatively correlated with soil moisture. In conclusion, agroforestry systems promote microclimate stability and decrease soil CO 2 efflux variability compared to full-sun systems.
Este trabalho teve como objetivo comparar a adaptabilidade e estabilidade de cultivares de café quanto à média de produtividade anual e de biênios, pelo método de EBERHART & RUSSEL (1996), e selecionar cultivares de café para o cultivo orgânico em Minas Gerais. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em três locais, em delineamento de blocos casualizados com trinta genótipos e três repetições. Uma análise se baseou na produtividade média anual de quatro colheitas (2005/2006, 2006/2007, 2007/2008 e 2008/2009) com o total de doze ambientes. A outra análise considerou a média de dois biênios (2005/2006 e 2006/2007; 2007/2008 e 2008/2009) com o total de seis ambientes. A análise em que se considerou a média da produtividade do biênio apresentou redução expressiva do coeficiente de variação ambiental. Por isso, foi possível identificar mais cultivares com adaptabilidade e estabilidade para o cultivo orgânico. Conclui-se que a análise de adaptabilidade e estabilidade com base na produtividade de biênio é mais segura para a seleção de cultivares. Considerando essa premissa, as cultivares 'Catucaí Vermelho 36/6', 'Catuaí Vermelho IAC 15' e 'Siriema 842' são indicadas somente para os ambientes favoráveis. As cultivares 'Sabiá 708', 'IBC Palma 1', 'Catucaí Amarelo 24/137', 'Oeiras MG 6851' e as linhagens H518 e H514 são indicadas para o cultivo orgânico em locais com ambientes similares aos avaliados em Minas Gerais.
O presente estudo buscou descrever a situação de segurança alimentar vivenciada por famílias de agricultores agroecológicos dos municípios de Choró, Massapê e Tauá, assistidos pela ONG ESPLAR no Ceará. Utilizou-se a Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar (EBIA), que tem o fator renda como principal determinante e uma escala adaptada da EBIA que leva em consideração a produção para autoconsumo. Foram investigadas 61 famílias de agricultores agroecológicos que continham em seu núcleo pelo menos um membro menor e outra com todos os membros maiores de 18 anos. Os resultados sugerem que o fator renda não foi o único determinante na segurança alimentar e nutricional desses agricultores, enfatizando a importância da produção para autoconsumo. A verificação da insegurança alimentar pela EBIA pode ser superestimada por não considerar a produção para o autoconsumo. Os métodos agroecológicos combinados com a troca de conhecimentos podem aumentar a segurança alimentar.
Climate changes, loss of biodiversity, soil degradation, scarcity and pollution of waters are the problems caused and experienced by society. The conservation methods of soil moisture are important for plant growth and groundwater preservation. The aim at this study was to evaluate the impacts of the terraces on soil moisture and to analyze the efficiency of Ground Penetration Radar (GPR) in the soil moisture determination. Soil moisture was determined by gravimetric and GPR methods in the depths of 0 to 10, 10 to 30, 30 to 60 and, 60 to 100 cm. The water storage in depth was larger and uniform in terraced than in the non-terraced pasture. However, the non terraced pasture has less soil compaction. Thus, the terrace does not guarantee adequate pasture management and other alternatives for sustainable management of cattle and reduction of soil compaction is necessary. The GPR method may be used to estimate the soil water content in volumetric basis in the field of a non-invasive manner. However, there need to study and determine the accuracy in GPR measurement in different methods and soil types.
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