RESUMO: Os nervos periféricos sofrem constantes lesões de origem traumática, o que resulta em perdas funcionais. A terapia com laser de baixa potência vem sendo utilizada para minimizar os efeitos maléficos da inflamação e acelerar o processo de cicatrização dos tecidos lesados. Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar o efeito da irradiação do laser 830 nm no comportamento do nervo isquiático de ratos submetido a esmagamento. Foram utilizados 20 ratos, todos tendo tido o nervo isquiático esmagado, divididos em 4 grupos (n=5): P7 e P14, tratamento placebo por 7 e 14 dias; L7 e L14, tratamento por laser (dosagem de 4 J/cm²) por 7 e 14 dias. Os animais dos grupos P7 e P14 foram submetidos aos mesmos procedimentos, mas com o laser desligado. Os parâmetros analisados foram presença de infiltrado inflamatório e fibroblastos, destruição da bainha de mielina e degeneração axonal. Na análise estatística foi observada diferença estatística com relação a três parâmetros: os animais do grupo L14 apresentaram maior quantidade de fibroblastos (p=0,0001), menor degeneração da bainha de mielina (p=0,007) e menor quantidade de infiltrado inflamatório (p=0,001). A aplicação do laser de baixa potência contribuiu para a redução do processo inflamatório decorrente da lesão do nervo isquiático de ratos. DESCRITORES: Nervo ciático; Regeneração nervosa; Síndromes de compressão nervosa/reabilitação; Terapia a laser de baixa intensidade ABSTRACT: Peripheral nerves are commonly subject to traumatic injuries, leading to functional loss. Low-power laser therapy has been used in order to minimize harmful effects of inflammation and to accelerate healing of injured tissues. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of 830 nm-laser irradiation on rat sciatic nerves submitted to crush. Twenty male Wistar rats had their sciatic nerve crushed and were divided into 4 groups (n=5): Sham7 and Sham14, placebo-treated for 7 and 14 days; L7 and L14, laser-treated (at 4 J/cm²) for 7 and 14 days. Sham group animals were submitted to the same procedures, but with the laser turned off. Assessed parameters were inflammatory infiltrates, fibroblasts, myelin sheath destruction, and axonal degeneration. The statistical analysis showed significant differences in three parameters: L14 animals showed more fibroblasts (p=0.0001), lesser myelin sheath degeneration (p=0.007), and lesser inflammatory infiltrates (p=0.001). Low-power laser therapy hence contributed to reduce the inflammatory process due to rat sciatic nerve injury.
SUMMMARYThe interpersonal reproducibility of the method for evaluating the Sciatic Functional Index (SFI) was measured by a computer-based program developed for this purpose. Twenty Wistar rats were used, and their right sciatic nerve was addressed using general anesthesia. Those nerves were subsequently smashed in a segment of 5 mm proximal to its trifurcation with a special device, with a fixed load of 5 kg for 10 minutes. Animals' footprints were taken at preoperative phase and then in a weekly basis, from the 1st to the 8th week, in a gait track. Prints were digitalized, stored and assessed by predetermined parameter measures, by four examiners, always following the same sequence of parameters marking. Results were submitted to statistical analysis, which evidenced the existence of a high correlation among examiners at preoperative evaluation and on the 3rd, 4 th , 5 th , 7 th , and 8 th weeks (equal or higher than 0.82), with an eventual drop on 6 th week, but still as significant as the others (pF<0.01). On the 1st and 2nd weeks, the correlation index was nearly zero, showing the low reproducibility of the method in that period, in which variation among animals did not differ from the variation among examiners (p=0.24 and 0.32, respectively), due to the poor sharpness of footprints.
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