The 3-item RCS exhibits good sensitivity and specificity for the detection of MCI and dementia, and higher cognitive function on the RCS is protective against nursing home placement and mortality. The RCS may be a useful screening instrument for the detection of cognitive dysfunction in the primary care setting.
Pityriasis rosea is a dermatological disease with a well-documented clinical appearance, but less is known about causes and treatment. Bell's palsy is a neurological condition leading to acute idiopathic hemifacial paralysis. Recent studies indicate that human herpesvirus (HHV) 6-7 reactivation may be a contributing factor to both conditions. We report a case of the 2 concurrent diagnoses that supports a common contributing factor and suggests further awareness and research into the role HHV 6-7 may play in the aetiology of both conditions.
BACKGROUND
Limited data exists for bupivacaine injection after Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS).
OBJECTIVE
Evaluate how bupivacaine affects postoperative pain and narcotic use.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this multicenter, single-blinded, prospective randomized controlled trial, patients received bupivacaine or saline (placebo) immediately after MMS with flap reconstructions identified by American Academy of Dermatology expert consensus as high-risk for pain and narcotic use. For 48 hours postoperatively, patients logged analgesic use, pain scores (0–10), and whether pain was controlled.
RESULTS
One hundred seventy-four patients were included. Narcotic analgesic use was higher in the placebo group during the first 24 hours (odds ratio 2.18; confidence interval [CI]: 1.08–4.41; p = .03), second 24 hours (odds ratio 2.18; CI: 0.91–5.29; p = .08), and 48 hours combined (odds ratio 2.58; CI: 1.28–5.24; p < .01). Pain scores were lower in the bupivacaine group during the first 8 hours (mean difference 1.6; CI: 0.73–2.38; p < .001). Overall analgesic use (narcotic and non-narcotic) and percentage of patients reporting pain under control were similar between groups. There were no significant differences in demographics or surgical characteristics. No adverse events occurred.
CONCLUSION
Single-dose bupivacaine decreased postoperative pain and narcotic analgesic use after MMS with reconstructions likely to cause significant pain. Bupivacaine may have a role in postoperative pain management and reducing narcotic use in this population.
Testicular germ‐cell tumours (TGCT) are the most common cancer among young adult men. Previous studies suggested TGCT survivors have an increased risk for skin cancer. The goal of this study was to systematically review the literature and evidence regarding skin cancer risk among TGCT survivors compared with the general population. PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Databases and reference lists were included in the search. A systematic review of all comparative studies with more than 10 TGCT survivors reporting on skin cancer incidence was performed. A meta‐analysis of the Standardized Incidence Rate (SIR) was calculated by pooling study‐specific log‐transformed estimates using the random‐effects model. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Nineteen studies that reported on 147 935 TGCT survivors were included. Pooled SIR for skin cancer and for melanoma incidence among TGCT survivors were 1.93 (95% CI 1.62–2.29, P < 0.0001) and 1.81 (95% CI 1.57–2.08, P < 0.0001), respectively. In conclusion, compared to the general population, TGCT survivors have an increased risk for developing skin cancer and melanoma. Additional long‐term studies that include TGCT survivors, additional risk factors and all subtypes of skin cancer are required.
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