: Cancer is currently one of the main health issues in the world. Among different varieties of cancers, skin cancer is the most common cancer in the world and accounts for 75% of the world's cancer. Indeed, skin cancer involves abnormal changes in the outer layer of the skin. Although most people with skin cancer are healed, it is one of the major concerns of people due to its high prevalence. Most types of skin cancers grow only locally and invade adjacent tissues, but some of them, especially melanoma (cancer of the pigment cells), which is the rarest type of skin cancer, may spread through the circulatory system or lymphatic system and reach the farthest points of the body. Many papers have been reviewed about the application of image processing in cancer detection. In this paper, a literature review on the automatic skin cancer detection and also different steps of such a are discussed process based on the implantation capabilities.

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RESUMO -Funcionários de uma empresa (n=993) foram entrevistados quanto à ocorrência de cefaléias durante um período retrospectivo de 30 dias. A prevalência foi 49,8%, com frequência de 4,3±7,0 episódios e duração de 12,2±21,4 horas. Os diagnósticos baseados na classificação da Sociedade Internacional de Cefaléias, foram enxaqueca (5,5%), cefaléia do tipo tensão (CTT) episódica (26,4%), CTT crônica (1,7%) e outras cefaléias (16,2%). As mulheres foram mais acometidas e tiveram proporcionalmente mais enxaquecas que os homens. Cerca de 10% dos pacientes relataram dor suficientemente intensa a ponto de prejudicar seu desempenho no trabalho, o que representou 538,75 horas não trabalhadas. O custo indireto proporcionado pela interferência no trabalho foi estimado para cada cefaléia. O potencial prejuízo projetado à empresa devido às cefaléias é R$145,64 por funcionário, ou R$144 682,39 por ano. Como a enxaqueca é a cefaléia de maior custo, seu controle é particularmente importante no ambiente de trabalho. Há meios eficazes para reduzir sua frequência, com reflexos positivos no bem-estar e na produtividade do indivíduo. A relação custo-benefício favorece claramente a instituição de programas de prevenção e tratamento contra cefaléias crônicas. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: cefaléia, enxaqueca, epidemiologia, custos. Prevalence and indirect costs of headache in a Brazilian CompanyABSTRACT -Employees from a Brazilian oil company reserach centre (n=993) were interviewed on the occurrence of headache during a 30 days period. Headache prevalence was 49.8%, with a mean frequency of 4.3±7.0 attacks per month, lasting 12.2±21.4 hours each. According to the International Headache Society diagnostic criteria, migraine (5.5%), episodic tension-type headache (26.4%), chronic tension-type headache (1.7%) and headaches not fulfilling the criteria for such disorders (16.2%) were observed. Women suffered comparatively more headache and specifically migraine than men. The pain interfered with work productivity in 10% of the subjects, corresponding to 538.75 hours off. According to an indirect costs estimation for each headache, the company may loose up to US$125.98 per employee annually. Since among headaches migraine has the highest indirect cost, migraine prevention and treatment is particularly important at the working environment. Migraine frequency may be prevented to a large extent, resulting on positive effects in both the quality of life and productivity. The cost-benefit ratio clearly favours therapeutic and preventive programs against chronic headaches.KEY WORDS: headache, migraine, epidemiology, costs.Poucos são os indivíduos que jamais experimentam um episódio de cefaléia 1,2 . Noventa por cento dos homens e 95% das mulheres admitem ter sofrido algum tipo de dor de cabeça durante 1 Setor

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