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Citation:Demertzis K, Iliadis L and Anezakis V-D (2017)

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Biosafety is defined as a set of preventive measures aimed at reducing the risk of infectious diseases' spread to crops and animals, by providing quarantine pesticides. Prolonged and sustained overheating of the sea, creates significant habitat losses, resulting in the proliferation and spread of invasive species, which invade foreign areas typically seeking colder climate. This is one of the most important modern threats to marine biosafety. The research effort presented herein, proposes an innovative approach for Marine Species Identification, by employing an advanced intelligent Machine Hearing Framework (MHF). The final target is the identification of invasive alien species (IAS) based on the sounds they produce. This classification attempt, can provide significant aid towards the protection of biodiversity, and can achieve overall regional biosecurity. Hearing recognition is performed by using the Online Sequential Multilayer Graph Regularized Extreme Learning Machine Autoencoder (MIGRATE_ELM). The MIGRATE_ELM uses an innovative Deep Learning algorithm (DELE) that is applied for the first time for the above purpose. The assignment of the corresponding class 'native' or 'invasive' in its locality, is carried out by an equally innovative approach entitled 'Geo Location Country Based Service' that has been proposed by our research team.

This research compares the nitrogen monoxide and methane exhaust emissions produced by the engines of two conventional chainsaws (a professional and an amateur one) to those produced by a catalytic. For all the three types of chainsaws, measurements were taken under the following three different functional modes: (a) normal conditions with respect to infrequent acceleration, (b) normal conditions, (c) use of high-quality motor oil with a clean filter. The experiment was extended much further by considering measurements of nitrogen monoxide and methane concentrations for all the three types of chainsaws, in respect to four additional operation forms. More specifically, the emissions were measured (a) under normal conditions, (b) under the application of frequent acceleration, (c) with the use of poorquality motor oil and (d) with chainsaws using impure filters. The experiments and data collection were performed in the forest under ''real conditions.'' Measurements conducted under real conditions were named ''control'' measurements and were used for future comparisons. The authors used a portable analyzer (Dräger X-am 5000 a Dräger Sensor XXSNO and a CatEx 125 PRCH 4 ) for the measurement of exhaust emissions. The said analyzer can measure the concentrations of exhaust gas components online, while the engine is running under field conditions. In this paper, we have been employed fuzzy sets and fuzzy Chi-square tests in order to model air pollution produced by each type of chainsaw under each type of operation condition. The overall conclusion is that the catalytic chainsaw is the most environmentally friendly.Keywords Amateur chainsaw Á Catalytic chainsaw Á Fuzzy Chi-square test Á Methane Á Nitrogen monoxide Á Professional chainsaw Editorial responsibility: Zhenyao Shen.