Background: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a cytokine that includes different types of molecules that participate in cellular and organic responses, and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in TNF are associated to the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases and local or systemic autoimmune diseases. Objective: To know the prevalence of TNFα (G238A and G308A) and LTα (A252G) polymorphisms in a population of Mexican women with pregnancy loss. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective, observational and cross-sectional study of 184 Mexican women, with the aim of evaluating the presence of TNFa (G238A and G308A) and LTa A252G polymorphism; 3 groups were formed: 1) TNFa G238A, 2) TNFa G308A and 3) LTa A252G and each group was separated by homozygous and heterozygous mutation. Results: It was found an increase in prevalence in TNFa, G238A compared with TNFa G308A and LTa A252G (31.9 vs 25.4 and 26.5%). The heterozygous form was higher in prevalence compared with the homozygous. In 50.3% no mutations of TNFa G238A, TNFa G308A and LTa A252G were found; the number of patients that only presented one polymorphism was 23.2%, with 2 polymorphisms represent 21%, and presented 3 polymorphisms (5.3%). Conclusion: The prevalence of TNFa G238A, TNFa G308A and LTa A252G polymorphisms in Mexican population could be high. Said polymorphisms are associated to almost 50% of cases of women with pregnancy loss in this study; and patients with more than one polymorphism are susceptible to complications such as pregnancy loss.

Background: Labor is a physiological process during which the fetus, the membranes, the umbilical cord and the placenta are expelled from the uterus and water delivery has become popular, although its prevalence is unknown, it is supported by healthy women with full-term pregnancies, without complications; although there is insufficient evidence to support or discourage it. Objective: To identify obstetric and neonatal outcomes and complications in women who delivered in water and to compare them with traditional deliveries. Material and methods: It is a retrospective, observational and cross-sectional study, where 2486 women were included from a database of 4223 women assisted from 2004 to 2020 in private hospitals; Of the 2486 patients included, 1025 had a water delivery and 1461 had a conventional delivery, discarding 1737 women who underwent caesarean section from the study. The information obtained from the patients, their data obtained for this study were kept in the anonymity of the patients, where they were analyzed: non-parametric data reported in percentages using Chi square; Parametric, perinatal and neonatal data are reported as mean plus standard deviation (±SD) and analyzed using Student's T, using the SPSS version 25 statistical package. Results: A total of 2486 women were included in this study, the birth in 1025 was water delivery (24%) and 1461 was conventional delivery (35%), 1737 caesarean section (41%) were excluded from the study, no difference was observed maternal age; unlike weight, height, body mass index; they were higher in women with water birth compared to conventional. No difference was demonstrated between nulliparous (45.99%) and multiparous (53.86%) when comparing both birth in water and conventional; only increase in previous caesarean sections (9.36 vs 6.5%, p=0.008) and decrease in previous abortions (16.19 vs 20.94%, p=0.002) in water delivery with the conventional one; complications were not different: administration of oxytocin (3.2 vs 3.1) or postpartum hemorrhage (0.29 vs 0.13) in both deliveries; no differences in first degree perineal tears (21.4 vs 18.5%). Conclusion: Water birth reduces stress, pain sensation, second and third degree perineal lacerations and contributes to better newborn outcomes; the selection and inclusion of patients with low-risk pregnancies allows better perinatal results than conventional delivery; but, further studies are required to use it routinely.

Objective: To report the incidence of Natural killer cells peripheral blood (pNK) ≥12% and his relationship with Recurrent Implantation Failure (RIF) in a population of Mexican women. Methods: Retrospective, cross sectional and observational study that included 74 women with history of RIF, which were subjected to a study to evaluate pNK cell levels in order to avoid complications in future pregnancies. 2 groups were formed: 1) Control and 2) RIF: women with a history of implantation failure and primary infertility (with no history of pregnancies or abortions). Results: Women in RIF were younger and had higher BMI, compared to the Control. Prevalence of patients with pNK cells ≥12% was statistically higher in RIF than in Control (66.6% vs 20%). RIF showed a significative increase of pNK≥1 cell concentration, compared to Control (12.9±4.6 vs 9.5±0.6, p=0.00). When only women with results of pNK ≥12% were evaluated, RIF showed a level numerically higher than that of the Control (16±1.8 vs 13.5±0.8). Conclusion: RIF may be the result of increased pNK concentrations and as observed in this study, slightly more than 60% of the Mexican population could be susceptible to abortions.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global public health problem with the highest death rate from any infection causing 1.5 million deaths in 2018. Pulmonary tuberculosis is the most common presentation; extrapulmonary and genital tuberculosis are the second most common presentation with an increase in women of reproductive age. The symptoms of tuberculosis are nonspecific; furthermore, the microbiological tests available for diagnosis have low sensitivity; that cause a delay in diagnosis and treatment, causing irreversible organic damage that causes infertility in women, in some cases surgery is necessary; since it can simulate oncological processes, particularly ovarian cancer; that must be discarded before starting its management. Treatment with multiple anti-tuberculosis drugs lasts for a total of 6 months, the response is clinically evaluated after one month with imaging, Treatment of tuberculosis is prolonged, generally, its total duration is 6 months with the new anti-tuberculosis drugs and its response is evaluated clinically and by imaging. The epidemiology, symptoms, complications, such as infertility, its diagnosis and treatment are reviewed.

Background: Childbirth is a physiological event for the expulsion of the fetus. It has a low maternal morbidity or mortality, does not present problems in subsequent pregnancies and it has a lower risk of fetal death and neonatal morbidity. Despite this, there are circumstances where cesarean section is the best option. Objective: To determine the prevalence of delivery and cesarean section, and identify whether maternal age is an influencing factor when choosing the route of birth. Methods: Retrospective, observational and cross-sectional study, carried out in Mexican women in private institutions during the period from 2015 to 2019. Inclusion criteria: women who attended the private hospital and had a medical history including maternal age, gestational age, number of deliveries and cesarean sections (emergency and elective) were included. Exclusion criteria were twin pregnancies and preterm births. Three age study groups were formed for deliveries and caesarean section A) 18 to 29years of age, B) 30 to 39 years of age and C) 40 to 45years of age and differences between deliveries and caesarean sections were compared. The SPSS Statistics package, version 25, was used; Descriptive statistics were performed including mean (±) standard deviation or percentage and comparison of groups by Chi-squared test. Results: The decrease in childbirth is directly proportional to the increase in maternal age, with a higher prevalence of childbirth in women between 18 and 29years of age (Group A=60.79%) and a higher prevalence of cesarean delivery in women between 40 and 45years of age, age (Group C=48.19%). A statistically significant difference was found only in Groups A vs B, when comparing the prevalence of deliveries (60.79 vs 51.81%, p=0.05) and cesarean sections (29.21 vs 48.19%, p=0.05). Conclusions: physiological delivery is preferred in our private institution; although, complications during pregnancy and childbirth associated with maternal ageing influence the higher rate of cesarean section.