Salivary gland tumors generate considerable interest because of their heterogeneous and variable histology, grade of malignancy, and clinical behavior. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is considered the first diagnostic modality for salivary neoplasms due to its ready availability and ease of performance. However it cannot always be relied upon in isolation, and should be used in conjunction with other investigations like incisional biopsy. We present two cases, which highlight the drawbacks of relying on FNAC alone, which resulted in misdiagnosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma as pleomorphic adenoma.

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Purpose To evaluate the effect of cleft width and the presurgical position of the permanent cuspid, on the success of secondary alveolar bone grafts, using preoperative and post-operative radiographs. Methodology A total of 20 cases treated with secondary alveolar bone grafting for alveolar clefts were included in the study. Pre-surgical maxillary occlusal radiograph was used to determine the cleft width. Canine position was assessed by marking 6 points on a pre-surgical intra oral periapical radiograph. Alveolar bone contour and the success of bone grafts were determined using 11 points marked on post-operative periapical radiographs taken after a minimum follow-up of 6 months. Results Linear regression analysis of pre-operative cleft width and pre-operative position of the permanent cuspid were carried out on the bone graft success which was determined using post-surgical periapical radiographs. P \ 0.05 was set. The results obtained had weak correlations and were statistically not significant. Conclusion We concluded that the success of the alveolar bone graft has minimal or no relation to the pre-operative width of the cleft or the position of the permanent cuspid at the time of grafting.

The paper reviews various classifications and surgical techniques for the treatment of temporomandibular joint ankylosis. PubMed, EBSCO, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched using a combination of keywords. Articles related to classification, resection-reconstruction of the temporomandibular joint, and management of airway obstruction were considered and categorized based on the objectives. Seventy-nine articles were selected, which included randomized clinical trials, non-randomized controlled cohort studies, and case series. Though several classifications exist, most classifications are centered on the radiographic extent of the ankylotic mass and do not include the clinical and functional parameters. Hence there is a need for a comprehensive staging system that takes into consideration the age of the patient, severity of the disease, clinical, functional, and radiographic findings. Staging the disease will help the clinician to adopt a holistic approach in treating these patients. Interpositional arthroplasty (IA) results in better maximal incisal opening compared with gap arthroplasty, with no significant difference in recurrent rates. Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is emerging as a popular technique for the restoration of symmetry and function as well as for relieving airway obstruction. IA, with a costochondral graft, is recommended in growing patients and may be combined with or preceded by DO in cases of severe airway obstruction. Alloplastic total joint replacement combined with fat grafts and simultaneous osteotomy procedures are gaining popularity. A custom-made total joint prosthesis using CAD/ CAM can efficiently overcome the shortcomings of stock prostheses.

Background: The perception that cheek dimples enhance facial aesthetics has resulted in a demand for surgically created dimples. However, dimples may not suit all faces, thus precluding the need for dimple simulators to help patients in decision-making. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the preference for smiling dimples by dental professionals and laypersons using a visual treatment objective (VTO). Methods: Standardized facial smiling photographs (N=36) where gender and facial type were equally represented were digitally modified such that each face had a smile with no smiling dimples, unilateral, and bilateral dimples. Faces were ranked twice by laypeople and professionals for preference of smiling dimples Results: 62.5% of the observers preferred faces with no smiling dimples over faces with a unilateral dimple The odds ratio (OR) was 0.599 (p<0.001), indicating there is a clear preference for faces with no smiling dimples over faces with a unilateral smiling dimple.53.7% of the observers preferred faces with no smiling dimples over faces with bilateral dimples, but there was no clear preference (OR 0.858, p = 0.065), and 52.4% of the observers preferred faces with bilateral smiling dimples over faces with a unilateral dimple (OR 1.103, p = 0.152), but this finding was not significant. The facial type or gender of the scored faces did not affect the dimple preferences. Conclusions: A face without cheek dimples is preferred over a face with bilateral and unilateral cheek dimples by both professionals and laypersons. Facial type and gender play no role in the dimple preference of observers. The use of VTO can help patients visualize the outcome prior to dimpleplasty and make choices accordingly.