BACKGROUND Ovaries can be afflicted by various lesions, which can be non-neoplastic or neoplastic. Varied spectrum of clinical features and histopathological patterns are seen in these lesions. The present study was done to study the histopathological patterns of ovarian neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions and their distribution in women of different age groups. METHODS This was retrospective study of all cases of neoplastic ovarian tumours, and nonneoplastic ovarian tumours including functional ovarian cysts received during 5year period from January 2014 to December 2018 in the Department of Pathology of Gandhi Medical College and Hamidia Hospital, Bhopal (M.P.). Data regarding age and tumour histopathology were recorded from pathology records. Routine H/E staining was performed. RESULTS A total of 541 different non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions of ovaries were seen. Neoplastic tumours were more common (350; 64.6%) than tumour-like lesions of the ovary (191; 35.3%). Non neoplastic ovarian tumours were found to be more common than neoplastic ones in all age groups. Maximum number of ovarian tumours were seen in the age group of 21-50 years (272, 77.7%). Among tumourlike ovarian lesions, the most common were corpus luteal cysts (75, 13.8%). These were found to be more common in the age group of 31-50 years (123, 65%). Surface epithelial tumours were the most common (253, 72.2%) followed by germ cell tumours (70, 12.9%). CONCLUSIONS Neoplastic tumours of ovaries are more common than tumour-like lesions of ovary. For all age groups, benign tumours are more common than malignant ones.

IntroductionPlatelet-related disease may result from an abnormal platelet count, namely thrombocytopenia or thrombocythemia, or altered platelet function, and thus is associated with bleeding or with thrombotic manifestation. Thrombocytopenia is defined as a subnormal number of platelets i.e. less than 1,50,000/µL in the peripheral blood. It can lead to inadequate clot formation and increased risk of bleeding and is a common indication for bone marrow aspiration and biopsy. MethodologyThe study was a hospital-based prospective observational study from January 2019 to June 2020. All cases of thrombocytopenia which were diagnosed first on haematology analyser (platelet counts <150,000/µL) and confirmed subsequently by peripheral smear with/without bleeding manifestations due to thrombocytopenia were taken up for the study. The aims and objectives of this study were to find out the epidemiological spectrum and prevalence of thrombocytopenia according to age and sex along with the correlation of haematological and bone marrow findings of such patients. ResultThis study comprised 100 cases of thrombocytopenia, with acute leukaemia accounting for the majority (28/100), followed by dimorphic anaemia (15/100), megaloblastic anaemia (11/100), hypocellular marrow, infection, and other conditions. All cases (100%) displayed the clinical symptom of widespread weakness and pallor, which was followed by fatiguability (72%) and dyspnoea (48%). Many thrombocytopenic individuals also had lymphadenopathy and hepatomegaly, the last two least common appearances. Lymphadenopathy and hepatomegaly which were the last two least common presentations were present in a significant number of thrombocytopenic patients. ConclusionThe study of bone marrow is helpful in the diagnosis of thrombocytopenia cases. Bone marrow examination is a simple, safe outpatient procedure and yields an impressive amount of diagnostically valuable data in a wide variety of disorders of thrombocytopenia. An evaluation of the patient's bone marrow unquestionably aids in the early diagnosis and treatment of their ailment.

Background: Ovarian tumors represent about 30% of all cancers of the female genital system and show a wide spectrum of histological types and clinical behaviour. Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of mortality of female gynaecological cancers and ranks seventh as the most common cancer worldwide. The increasing life expectancy has led to increase in its burden exponentially now even in developing countries but limited knowledge is there about the pattern of ovarian tumours. The present study was done with the aim of studying the histopathological pattern of the ovarian tumors in women of various age groups.Methods: This was retrospective analysis of all cases of ovarian cancer, and benign ovarian neoplasms received during 5 year period from january 2014 to december 2018 at pathology department of gandhi medical college and hamidia hospital, Bhopal (M.P). Data regarding age and tumor histology were collected from medical records. Routine H/E staining was performed. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was done in difficult cases. Result:Of 350 cases 245 (45.2%) were benign, 27 (4.9%) were borderline / uncertain and 78 (14.4%) were malignant tumors. For all age groups, benign tumors were more common than malignant ones. Most ovarian tumors were seen between 21-50 years (272, 77.7%). Surface epithelial tumors were most common (253, 72.2%) followed by germ cell tumors (70, 12.9%). Conclusion:The present study has revealed a spectrum of ovarian tumors over a wide range from adolescent to late reproductive to menopausal and late menopausal age grooup. Benign tumors are more common than malignant ones.

A one-year male child presented with pyrexia, periorbital puffiness and excessive cry for 8 days. No history of melena or blood loss. The infant's birth history and medical history were unremarkable. His development was normal, and he had no unusual dietary intake. Physical examination revealed a well-developed, irritable male infant. His temperature was 38.9°C; pulse 186/min; respirations 32/min; oxygen saturation 95% on room air; and weight, 7.5 kg (25th percentile for his age). He had pallor, distended abdomen and hepatosplenomegaly, with a liver edge palpable 5 cm below the right costal margin and a spleen tip palpable 4 cms below the left costal margin. Abdominal ultrasound revealed liver of 12 cm and spleen of 15 cm size.