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Background: With increased awareness about breast cancer, many women with breast lumps are attending clinics. Though benign breast lumps are most common, they may be associated with morbidity and have become cause for concern to patients. Triple assessment by clinical, radiological and pathological examination is a standard approach in the evaluation of breast lumps. Even in cases of benign breast diseases, multimodality tests are being preferred to give reassurance to patients. This study was aimed to study distribution of various benign breast lumps in relation to age at presentation, to identify sensitivity and specificity of clinical breast examination, Ultrasonography (USG) and Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) methods in the evaluation of benign breast lumps and to compare with final histopathological diagnosis.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in department of general surgery at Malla Reddy institute of medical sciences, Hyderabad from August 2013 to July 2017. 202 females with benign breast lumps were evaluated by clinical breast examination, ultrasonography (USG) and Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) methods. All patients underwent excision biopsy of lump. Final histopathological report was taken as reference standard.Results: Fibroadenoma was most common in 2nd decade. Clinical breast examination and USG showed good sensitivity but less specificity than FNAC. FNAC showed both good sensitivity and specificity. There was very good degree of agreement between FNAC and histopathological diagnosis (Kappa=0.911).Conclusions: Good clinical examination can give accurate preoperative diagnosis of benign breast lumps. Triple assessment by clinical breast examination, USG and FNAC can be useful in the evaluation of benign breast lumps.

Background: Antibiotics are being administered both preoperatively and postoperatively even in uncomplicated nonperforated appendicitis. Studies regarding role of postoperative antibiotics in laparoscopic appendicectomy for nonperforated appendicitis are sparse. The aim of the study is therefore to study the efficacy of single dose preoperative antibiotics versus both preoperative and postoperative antibiotics in reducing surgical site infection in laparoscopic appendicectomy for uncomplicated nonperforated acute appendicitis.Methods: This is a prospective study done in general surgery department at Malla Reddy institute of medical sciences from September to April 2016.162 patients with nonperforated appendicitis were randomly allocated into two groups. 80 patients in Group A were given single dose of preoperative prophylactic antibiotics. No further antibiotics were given. 82 patients in Group B were given both preoperative and postoperative antibiotics. Postoperative surgical site infection and duration of postoperative hospital stay were compared between both groups. Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA, Fisher’s Exact test and Chi-square test wherever necessary.Results: There was no significant difference in the rate of surgical site infection in both groups. The mean duration of postoperative hospital stay was shorter in preoperative antibiotics only group (Group A). Age and gender had no significant association with surgical site infection. There was no deep incisional or organ space infection in this study.Conclusions: Single dose prophylactic antibiotics would be sufficient in cases of laparoscopic appendicectomy for simple uncomplicated nonperforated acute appendicitis. Postoperative antibiotic administration would not be necessary in these cases.

Background: There are limited studies from India on use of ICF in finding out the Disability experienced by PLHIV. We undertook this study to understand the level of disability experienced by the PLHIV attending tertiary healthcare setting. This study mainly focuses on the self-care domain of ICF classification.Methods: Cross sectional, hospital based, conducted with permission from institutional ethics committee. Predesigned standardised ICF questionnaire, with only self care part of it was administered and participants assessed for activity limitation and participation restriction domains of self care.Results: Inactivity limitation block, with regards to washing oneself, caring for body parts and dressing none reported any problem. In regulating menstruation 15 (6.67%) had moderate, 15 (6.67%) had severe and 3 (1.33%) had complete problem while 67 (29.67%) had no problem. In participation restriction, it was observed that participants had difficulties in regulating defecation 47 (20.8%) moderate, 33 (14.66%) severe, 9 (4%) mild whereas 6 (2.67%) complete problem. Overall prevalence was 42.67%. in block of participation restriction, on performance qualifier, overall 149 (66.67%) had problem in eating, 77 (34.22%) had moderate, 36 (16%) severe, 34 (15.1%) had mild and 3 (1.33%) had complete problem. In drinking overall 29.78% participants experienced problems, out of which 31 (13.7%) had moderate, 23 (10.22%) mild 12 (5.33%) and 1 (0.44%) had complete problem.Conclusions: Significant amount of activity limitation in self care observed with reference to toileting, eating drinking. Hence, this parameters to be stressed on in planning National program on AIDS.