Introduction: Aside from religious circumcisions, the indications for circumcision are few. However, in the cultural context, many patients are unnecessarily referred for circumcision for physiological phimosis (adhesions). Due to parental concerns and misperceptions by general practitioners, nonretractile prepuce is one of the most common indications for referral to a paediatric surgeon in many countries. This study aimed to determine whether preputial adhesiolysis successfully managed symptomatic non-retractile foreskin and therefore prevented the need for circumcision. Methods: A retrospective review was performed of the health records of children who presented with preputial adhesion. We included 65 symptomatic patients (ballooning of the prepuce in all cases and additional dysuria in three cases) who underwent preputial adhesiolysis. All cases were followed up for 2 years. Circumcision was subsequently carried out for patients who developed fibrous scarring resulting in difficult retraction due to the development of thick adhesions or skin fissuring with persistence of symptoms. Results: Of the 65 boys, 58 (89.2%) achieved complete retraction of the prepuce. The remaining 7 boys (10.8%) presented with recurring symptoms and thick fibrosed prepuce, and they underwent circumcision due to the dense adhesions. Histopathological examination of the circumcised prepuces revealed balanitis xerotica obliterans in two cases. Conclusion: Preputial adhesiolysis is a safe and effective treatment for symptomatic preputial adhesions in boys younger than 5 years old. The procedure avoids circumcision and its associated risks. Preputial adhesiolysis should be offered as a primary treatment instead of circumcision.

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The tumors that induce autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) are usually hematological neoplasms such as malignant lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AIHA associated with germ cell tumors is very rare with literature limited to case reports with most of them reported with ovarian dermoid, which abated with the removal of the tumor. We report an unusual presentation of AIHA with malignant sacrococcygeal germ cell tumor in a 3-year-old child, which rapidly disappeared after the excision of a sacrococcygeal teratoma.

Aims: The study aimed to evaluate the presentation, management, and outcome of patients of sacrococcygeal malignant germ cell tumors (SC-MGCTs) with intraspinal extension. Materials and Methods: Case records of all cases of SC-MGCT were reviewed to identify cases with intraspinal extension. They were evaluated in terms of their presentation, response to therapy, extent of surgical resection, recovery of neurological symptoms if any, and outcome. Results: Of the three cases of SC-MGT, two had intraspinal extension. One had Altman Type 3 disease and another had Altman Type 4 disease; both had Stage 4 disease. The intraspinal extension in both patients was detected on contrast computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging. One patient had bladder and bowel incontinence. All the tumors responded to preoperative chemotherapy. Gross complete local resection could be achieved in all patients. Neurological recovery was complete. All were alive with no recurrence on follow-up. Conclusions: Malignant sacrococcygeal GCTs with intraspinal extension are rare and can be managed with neoadjuvant chemotherapy which obviates the need for extensive exploration for excision and has got good neurological and oncological prognosis.

Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma is a borderline vascular tumor usually seen in infants and children as cutaneous lesions classically associated with the Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon. Intestinal involvement is uncommon and can cause acute presentations, such as obstruction or gastrointestinal bleeding. A 5-day-old neonate presented with bilious vomiting for 2 days. The tumor was in the jejunum. Histopathological examination with immunohistochemistry of the resected jejunum showed CD34 positive endothelial lined vascular spaces infiltrating from submucosa to serosa, which is classical of kaposiform hemangioendothelioma. There was no deranged coagulation profile. This case forms an interesting cause for neonatal intestinal obstruction.