Abstract. The COSMOS-UK observation network has been providing field-scale soil moisture and hydrometeorological measurements across the UK since 2013. At the time of publication a total of 51 COSMOS-UK sites have been established, each delivering high-temporal resolution data in near-real time. Each site utilizes a cosmic-ray neutron sensor, which counts epithermal neutrons at the land surface. These measurements are used to derive field-scale near-surface soil water content, which can provide unique insight for science, industry, and agriculture by filling a scale gap between localized point soil moisture and large-scale satellite soil moisture datasets. Additional soil physics and meteorological measurements are made by the COSMOS-UK network including precipitation, air temperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure, soil heat flux, wind speed and direction, and components of incoming and outgoing radiation. These near-real-time observational data can be used to improve the performance of hydrological models, validate remote sensing products, improve hydro-meteorological forecasting, and underpin applications across a range of other scientific fields. The most recent version of the COSMOS-UK dataset is publically available at https://doi.org/10.5285/b5c190e4-e35d-40ea-8fbe-598da03a1185 (Stanley et al., 2021).

In the present study the analysis of the morphometric quantitative parameters of Sperchios river basin, and specifically of the 8 main sub-basins of the northern and southern part, have been made. The integrated use of a Geographic Information System (GIS) allows a thorough spatial analysis of the data derived from digital terrain spatial models that reveal the geomorphological characteristics of an area. The thorough analysis of the results shows the significant difference of the morphological characteristics of the northern and southern part of the catchment area, due to the impact of the neotectonic activity of the area, which creates this asymmetrical topography.

Mapping of coastline changes assists in coastal development and monitoring. Athens Riviera, located in the southwestern coastal zone in Attica in central Greece, has undergone major and radical changes generated by human interference during the last decades. The aim of this paper is to map record and measure the coastline changes in Athens Riviera over the past 76 years. Aerial photographs and satellite images from 1945 to 2021 as well as geographic information system (GIS) techniques were used to depict the spatial and temporal variations of the coastline. The results show that 60% of the total length of the coastline is artificial coast, while 29% is rocky coast and 12% beach. The study of seven subareas showed that human interventions caused significant coastline changes in Faliro Bay, Alimos and Glyfada. The adjacent coastal regions to Athens metropolitan area illustrate the highest modifications in the coastline. The main changes in the coastlines are recorded from 1960 to 1987, while the rate of changes in coastline slowed down from 1987 to 2021. The total changes in the coastline of Athens Riviera demonstrate that, during the past 76 years, the coastline was enhanced by 40% while land reclaimed to the sea area approaches 2.67 km2. The applied method is effective and rapid and may utilize in the coastal monitoring and management.

<p>In many cases tectonism influences the evolution of morphology and hydrographic networks. The study area is Lavreotiki which is located at the southeastern most tip of the Attica peninsula in the Greek regional unit of East Attica.</p><p>The aim of this study was the determination of the geotectonic structure and the paleogeographic evolution of the drainage basins of the study area. For this purpose, classic mapping techniques such as detailed field work along with large scale geomorphological and geological mapping were performed. Moreover, remote sensing data were used, a spatial database was created, and ArcGIS 10.8 software was used to process the collected data.</p><p>Quantitative geomorphological analysis of the drainage networks was accomplished. Fourth and higher order streams were taken into account. Surface analysis of the study area was performed, while geomorphic indices were calculated. The geomorphic indices of active tectonics used, were slope and aspect of terrain, hypsometric curve and hypsometric integral, drainage basin asymmetry, mountain – front sinuosity and longitudinal river profiles.</p>

Ultrabasic rocks, taken from the Othrys mt. (Central Greece), are studied in this paper. The structural geology and tectonics of the study area are described. Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS) and dry unit weight (γ) values are calculated and fracture angles are measured. The results are statistically assessed and empirical relationships (exponential equations) between UCS and γ are presented for the ultrabasic roch, divided in Peridotites, Serpentinised Peridotites and Serpentinites. Due to the low correlation coefficient of the Serpentinised Peridotites, it was decided that the Serpentinised Peridotites and Serpentinites should be examined together. The correlation coefficient of the combined category is much better than the separate ones. Furthermore, this paper demonstrates that the majority of the ultrabasic rocks tested were breaking at one angle (φ°), which mainly fluctuated between 75° and 90°. The fracture angles correlate with previously recognised geological (mainly tectonic) structures. The observed deviations are due to pétrographie variety, structural complexity, preferred orientation of olivine and orthopyroxene and internal imprinted tectonic deformation.