The Northeast Caucasian Current (NCC) is the northeastern part of the cyclonic Rim Current (RC) in the Black Sea. As it sometimes approaches the narrow shelf very closely, topographically generated cyclonic eddies (TGEs) can be triggered. These eddies contribute to intense, along- and cross-shelf transport of trapped water with enhanced self-cleaning effects of the coastal zone. Despite intense studies of eddy dynamics in the Black Sea, the mechanisms of the generation of such coastal eddies, their unpredictability, and their capacity to capture and transport impurities are still poorly understood. We applied a 3-D low-dissipation model DieCAST/Die2BS coupled with a Lagrangian particle transport model supported by analysis of optical satellite images to study generation and evolution of TGEs and their effect on river plumes unevenly distributed along the northeastern Caucasian coast. Using the Furrier and wavelet analyses of kinetic energy time series, it was revealed that the occurrence of mesoscale TGEs ranges from 10 up to 50 days. We focused on one particular isolated anticyclonic TGE that emerged in late fall as a result of instability of the RC impinging on the abrupt submarine area adjoining the Pitsunda and Iskuria capes. Being shed, the eddy with a 30-km radius traveled along the coast as a coherent structure during ~1.5 months at a velocity of ~3 km/day and vertical vorticity normalized by the Coriolis parameter ~(0.1 ÷ 1.2). This eddy captured water from river plumes localized along the coast and then ejected it to the open sea, providing an intense cross-shelf transport of riverine matter.

The northeastern part of the cyclonic Rim Current, which encircles the entire basin of the Black Sea, is named as the Northeast Caucasian Current. It periodically approaches the coast, triggering the formation of topographic generated eddies, including long-living isolated anticyclonic eddies and short-living multiple anticyclonic eddies, which group and merge into eddy chain structures. Both types of eddies affect coastal dynamics and interact with multiple river plumes formed in the study area. This interaction determines cross- and along-shelf transport of fluvial water, enhancing the processes of self-cleaning of the coastal zone. In this study, we used a 3D low-dissipation model, DieCAST, coupled with a Lagrangian particle tracking model, and supported by analysis of satellite images, to study the generation and evolution of eddy chains and their interaction with river plumes along the Caucasian coast. Using Fourier and wavelet analyses of kinetic energy time series, we revealed that the occurrence of eddy chains ranges from 10 to 20 days, predominantly in spring-summer season in the area between the Pitsunda and Iskuria capes. During the period of eddy merging, the angular velocities of the orbiting eddies reach maximal values of 7 × 10−6 rad s−1, while after merging, the angular velocities of the resulting eddies decreased to 5 × 10−6 rad s−1. Numerical experiments with Lagrangian particle tracking showed that eddy chains effectively capture water from river plumes localized along the coast and then eject it to the open sea. This process provides an effective mechanism of cross-shelf transport of fluvial water, albeit less intense than the influence of isolated anticyclonic eddies, which are typical for autumn-winter season.