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The history of the origin of one of the types of urban planning, line (zeilenbau) building, which was widespread in the sett lements of the Weimar Republic in the second half of the 1920s is consistently described. The prerequisites and conditions of occurrence, principles and boundaries of applicability in urban planning are discussed.

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In the middle of the 19th century, the Arts and Crafts movement emerged in England. The development of the movement in England, USA, Germany is described. The influence of the ideas of the novel News from Nowhere by William Morris on the emergence of the idea of a garden city by Ebenezer Howard and on the preservation of the historical heritage of cities is shown. Describes the influence of Peter White on the emergence of Arts and Crafts in the United States, on the formation of the Chicago School, as well as the worlds first manifestation of modern in the architecture of Louis Sullivan. Shows the influence of Gustav Stickley on the birth of the American folk style of a residential building and his contribution to the modernism of Irving John Gill. The features of the Arts and Crafts in Germany are described, the role of Hermann Mutesius in the evolution of the movement from rejection of industrial production to unification with it and the establishment of the German Werkbund is emphasized. The influence of Mutesius ideas on the German art of the 1920s is shown. A description of the aesthetic direction of the movement, which received the name modern, is given and examples of it in Belgium, Germany, Austria, Scotland are given. The importance of movement as the basis for the birth of modern architecture is emphasized.

Examples are given that show the relevance of the concept of a compact city at the international level and in the practice of domestic urban planning, the idea of ​​such a city in domestic publications. It is shown that this concept can be criticized due to the uncertainty and weak scientific groundlessness of its definitions. The author describes the initial motives that gave rise to the birth of German urban planning as a science, which led him to the forefront of the world at the beginning of the 20th century, the first experiments in urban planning, their mistakes and shortcomings, which led to the popularity of Mietskasernen (rented or profitable barracks), symbols of crowdedness and unsanitary conditions. The article presents the struggle of the educated part of the German society for decent living conditions in cities, which led both to the formulation of scientific principles of urban planning and to the adoption of laws for their implementation. For the first time in the domestic scientific literature, seven principles of urban expansion by Reinhard Baumeister are given and the content of the book Urban Expansion in terms of technology, building regulation and economics is summarized. The development of Baumeister's concepts in the works of Camillo Sitte and Josef Stbben, who completed the formation of a comprehensive theory of urban planning, is shown. An assessment of the importance of this theory and its practice for the new urbanism of the United States in the 21st century is given.