The current literature review aims to evaluate the ocular findings and associated ophthalmic features in Crouzon syndrome. Craniosynostoses are syndromes characterized by premature fusion of sutures of the skull and Crouzon syndrome is the most common of the craniosynostosis syndromes. Early fusion of sutures results in craniofacial anomalies, including abnormalities of the orbits. To prepare this review of the ophthalmic findings in this disorder, an organized search on online databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Ovid was carried out. The key terms searched were “Crouzon”, “craniosynostosis”, “eye” and “ophthalmic”, and 51 research items were found. A total of 17 articles were included after scrutiny of the databases and a further 25 articles were added after augmented search. A detailed review was performed from the final 42 articles. A comprehensive description of associated anomalies is given along with the author’s own technique of surgical management in cases with Crouzon syndrome having bilateral luxation bulbi with exposure keratopathy. However, for optimum management of cranial and oculo-facial dysmorphisms, a multidisciplinary team of specialists is required.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a technological advancement that provides thinking and processing capacity to machines. It is a complex technology with multiple algorithms and formulas. AI has transformed the face of several industries, including the healthcare sector. Ophthalmology being a highly technology-driven branch of healthcare can benefit vastly from the application of AI. Newer technologies are cropping up with each passing day to enhance our diagnostic and management modalities. From huge machines, now, AI has even come down to applications on the small screen of smartphones. Through this study, we summarise the various AI-driven developments in the world of cataract that have occurred in the past 3 years. Ranging from cataract detection, cataract grading, IOL power calculation, to acting as an aid in the surgical arena, this study intends to cover all recent AI-based innovations and advancements.
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