Idaho National Laboratory has been researching the application of solidoxide electrolysis cells for large-scale hydrogen production from steam over a temperature range of 800 to 900°C. This report summarizes the FY 2010 experimental program, which has focused on advanced cell and stack development and degradation studies.

Additive manufacturing technology has been developed in the manufacturing industry; however, limited choice of materials and low printing speeds in large-scale production make 3D printing challenging in the industry. Wood and cellulose-based materials have recently drawn a lot of attention for use as 3D printing materials due to their unique properties such as environmental friendliness, cost-effectiveness and abundancy. However, because these compounds are derived from various natural sources, their different particle sizes can result in low 3D printing quality. The objective of this study is to resolve the mentioned deficiencies in the packaging industry by designing a novel 3D printer nozzle based on the material extrusion method (FDM technique), which provides higher printing speed and enhanced quality for wood and cellulosebased materials. The packaging industry can significantly benefit from 3D printing technology for cellulosebased materials by producing high-quality recyclable economical packaging on a large scale according to the clients' demand. The proposed nozzle design enables selecting different geometrical cross-sections of the nozzle dies and any number of extrusion points along the nozzle die simultaneously during the 3D printing process. These capabilities lead to advanced performance and improved speed of 3D printing in large scale manufacturing. The proposed nozzle design provides a novel technique for 3D printing of plant-derived compounds with remarkable advantages such as providing selective variable extrusion and multiple nozzle dies. Compared to other existing 3D printing techniques, the proposed nozzle abilities make it a promising option with higher speed and better functionality for the packaging industry.INDEX TERMS 3D printing, wood printing, cellulose-based materials, extrusion technique, 3D printer nozzle, packaging industry.

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Drilling, Completion and Well Intervention operations generate waste water. With the increasing volume of well fluids being flowed back due to aggressive Well Intervention activities, there was a need to handle and dispose the waste water efficiently. This was required to maintain continuity of well flow back and stimulation operations in an efficient and sustainable manner without incurring additional cost keeping in mind the current Oil and Gas market scenario. This paper presents the "Best out of Waste" methodology adopted by the Well Services Department of Cairn India Limited to manage the huge waste water volumes by pooling in-house resources for developing Waste Water Treatment Project. This project as it stands today was brought together by first, evaluating various treatment methods such as EC (Electro Coagulation) unit, Chemical methods, Particle settling and Disposal methods such as natural evaporation, evaporators (Mechanical and Solar) and injection and further combining features of the above stated methods to gain maximum benefit. These evaluations led to selection of EC Unit combined with the effectiveness of Mechanical evaporators and Natural evaporation for decreasing the waste water footprint. Second, identifying a disposal well for treated water injection, established by various integrity and injectivity tests to confirm that the well was ready to accept the water with parameters and properties similar to that of EC unit output. The encouraging results in the injectivity tests proved to be the kick-off point of the project. Continuous monitoring of the treated water was also done to ensure the TSS and oil in water remained within the acceptable limits for injection, as per prevailing norms. Third, developing disposal pits and tank farm to facilitate the treatment and dumping of the treated waste water. Lastly, decreasing current waste water inventory along with reducing the OPEX involved with handling, transportation and disposal of the waste water. The key feature of this project was the utilization of above mentioned equipment's from internal resources of the company, which were either working stand-alone or were nonfunctional. Thus, the CAPEX for the project was brought to a bare minimum. The objective of this paper is to present the various technical, administrative and commercial aspects associated with this project and conclude with plans of further utilizing the treated water for future Fracturing, Stimulation and even completion jobs.