Thousands of chemicals are being used recently in our new high tech foods like ready to eat Japanese, Chinese, packaged and tinned foods. Most food additives act as either preservatives or flavor enhancers like monosodium glutamate (MSG), a sodium salt of glutamic acid. The present study investigated the effect of intraperitoneally administered MSG on cortex of the kidneys of adult albino Wistar rats and compared with control group. The histomorphometry done by calibrating with ocular micrometer on kidney tissue of control and experimental group revealed a significant difference in glomeruli with increase in length, size of bowman's capsule with an increase in bowman's space. The size of renal tubules could not be compared as the cells of these tubules in experimental group were disintegrated and distorted. In the experimental group (rats treated with 4 mg MSG/g body weight), the cortex of the kidneys developed variable pathological changes, which were patchy in distribution with intervening normal areas. There was distortion of renal cytoarchitecture. Many glomeruli (66.4%) showed hypercellularity, i.e., cellular proliferation of mesangial or endothelial cells and infiltration of inflammatory cells. The capillary membrane showed thickening as was evident on PAS stain. Since MSG, as a food additive, was found to be toxic on various organs of the body by various researchers, it should perhaps be stopped from being used as a food additive. This may be a suggestion which needs validation in human studies.
Introduction:In the recent years, ethephon, 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid, is one of the most commonly used plant growth regulators. At present, it is being used on fruits, vegetables, and cereals for promoting pre- and post-harvest ripening. The effect of artificial ripening has become questionable because of various health-related issues. This study was conducted to note the morphology of liver after ethephon administration as it is the site where chemicals undergo first pass metabolism and probably will be affected by ethephon. Materials andMethods:Adult Wistar albino rats were divided into experimental and control groups (10 each). Ethephon was administered at a dose of 200 mg/kg/day by a gavage tube in the experimental rats for 14 days. The animals were sacrificed within 24 h of the last dose; liver was dissected and processed for light microscopy. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections were studied using an image-pro express analyzer. The data obtained from control and experimental groups were statistically analyzed.Results:In the experimental rats, the body weight was found to be significantly decreased. The orderly arrangement of hepatocytes was disrupted and was replaced by blood-filled sinusoids. At sites, hepatocytes appeared to be degenerated. Councilman bodies with pyknotic nuclei and inflammatory infiltrations were seen. The population per unit area of the hepatocytes and Kupffer cells was 29.53 ± 10.65 versus 44.18 ± 10.31 and 25.12 ± 4.41versus 13.05 ± 6.5 in experimental and control groups, respectively. The decrease of hepatocytes and increase of Kupffer cells were found to be statistically significant.Conclusions:The observations in the liver are probably indicative of degenerative changes associated with ethephon. Hence, we can conclude that this plant growth regulator, Fruit and Vegetable Ripener, has hepatotoxic potential. General awareness and regarding the use of such plant growth regulators is must to reduce the intake.
Foramen transversarium are located on the transverse process of cervical vertebrae and are the cardinal features of cervical vertebrae. These foramina are known to exhibit variations in size, shape and may be absent or duplicated. Keeping this in mind, a study was done to record these variations. A hundred and twenty dry typical cervical vertebrae procured from department of anatomy were used for this study. Unilateral double foramen transversarium were seen in 2.5% cases while 4.16% cases showed bilateral double foramen transversarium. 0.83% cases showed symmetrical foramen transversarium and another 1.66% cases showed incomplete foramen transversarium. The normal factor responsible for such anomalies is developmental or related to variation in course of vertebral artery. The recognition of this variation provides safety and efficiency for the posterior approaches of the cervical spine.
A variant course and branching pattern of the right brachial artery was recorded in a 54-year-old male cadaver during the practical sessions of University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India. The right brachial artery divided in the middle third of arm into a medial superficial and lateral deep branch. The superficial medial branch descended anterior to the median nerve and ended by dividing in the cubital fossa into ulnar and radial arteries, whereas the lateral branch descended postero-medial to the median nerve, ending deep to pronator teres as the common interosseous artery. The left brachial artery showed a normal branching pattern by dividing into radial and ulnar arteries in the cubital fossa. The probable origin of such a variation is embryological and familiarity with such variations is imperative as they might affect dynamics of limb function or alter the course of interventional procedures. [Int J Res Med Sci 2013; 1(2.000): 62-65
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