No abstract

Aims: To study the anatomical variations of osteomeatal complex and the importance of preoperative computed tomography (CT) in patients with chronic sinusitis undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery. We studied the different variations and their frequency of occurrence. Materials and methods: A total of 100 patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery were studied by nasal endoscopy, CT scanning, and at the time of definitive surgery, variations were recorded. Results: The frequency of occurrence of sinonasal anatomical variations was septal deviation in 76%, agger nasi cells in 71%, concha bullosa in 61%, medialized uncinate process in 48%, prominent bulla ethmoidalis in 41%, paradoxical middle turbinate in 33%, accessory maxillary ostium in 28%, frontal cell in 22%, intumescentia septi nasi anterior in 21%, lateralized uncinate in 15%, pneumatized uncinate process in 4%, Haller cells in 12%, and Onodi cells in 8%. Conclusion: The high incidence of variations emphasizes the need for proper preoperative assessment for safe and effective endoscopic sinus surgery.

A variety of anatomical variation of paranasal sinus and nasal turbinates exist, as its development is a complex and long standing process. Computerized Tomography (CT) of the paranasal sinuses is a very valuable tool in diagnosing these variations. Preoperatively defining the anatomical variations of the intranasal structures is essential in performing the safe functional endoscopic sinus surgery and to avoid unnecessary complications. Several degrees and combinations of aplasias and hypoplasias have been reported. We report a case of 37-year-old male who presented with bilateral nasal block and rhinorrhea and his CT paranasal sinuses showed gross septal spur in left side, absence of right middle, inferior and superior turbinates, absent right ethmoid air cells, aplastic right frontal sinus, left concha bullosa with bilateral maxillary sinusitis.

The presence of the thyroid gland outside its compartment is defined as ectopic thyroid. It is an abnormal embryological development. When present in the base of the tongue, it is lingual thyroid. We report this case of incidental lingual thyroid during routine clinical examination and highlight the importance of endoscopic examination in otorhinolaryngology. How to cite this article: Narendrakumar V, Sampathkumar G. Incidental Lingual Thyroid: A Case Report and Review of Literature. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2020;12(2):25–26.

BACKGROUND Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) is the chronic inflammation of the middle ear cleft mucosa, which is characterised by irreversible changes in it with a history of ear discharge for more than 3 months through a permanent tympanic membrane defect. Chronic suppurative otitis media is of two types tubotympanic (mucosal) and atticoantral (squamous). Tubotympanic type (mucosal) is mainly due to infection from the oropharynx and the nasopharynx, which travels into the middle ear via the eustachian tube, whereas atticoantral type (squamous type) is due to cholesteatomatous lesions. The prevalence of CSOM was 4.1 percent (3.1%-unilateral and 1.0% bilateral disease). Both otitis media and sinusitis are the most common pediatric diagnoses and they share many common characteristics. The aim of the study is to prove focal sepsis of chronic otitis media, tubotympanic type sinusitis and there is an improvement in middle ear mucosal disease status after functional endoscopic sinus surgery.