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Background: Increasing evidence from epidemiological studies suggest that elevated plasma fibrinogen levels are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disorders especially in diabetic patients. Objective was to correlate fibrinogen levels in patients of type-2 diabetes mellitus with lipid profile.Methods: It is a descriptive observational study conducted among type-2 diabetes mellitus patients at Khaja Bandanawaz Institute of Medical Sciences, Gulbarga in year 2011. Newly detected type-2 diabetic patients with and without associated hypertension of more than 40 years of age belonging to both sexes were included.Results: Total 104 patients were involved in our study. Of which 75 were males and 29 females. There was a significant positive correlation between plasma cholesterol level and plasma fibrinogen level. The patients who had serum triglyceride level between 100-149 mg/dL had plasma fibrinogen level about 4.19±0.1 g/L and those with serum triglyceride level more than 400 mg/dL < had 9.01±0.83 g/L plasma fibrinogen level.  Significant positive correlation between serum triglyceride level and plasma fibrinogen level found. 36 patients with HDL level 35-39 mg/dL had plasma fibrinogen level of 5.9±1.50 g/L. So, there was a significant negative correlation between serum HDL and plasma fibrinogen level.Conclusions: The present study showed positive correlation between serum cholesterol level, LDL level and triglyceride level with plasma fibrinogen levels. There was inverse relation with HDL level.

BACKGROUND The heart failure is a worldwide health problem with ever increasing proportion and is a major health problem in elderly persons. It has many aetiological factors. It is one of the most frequently encountered illnesses in day-today practice and most common cause of death in patients with cardiac disease. This study was done to determine the age and sex distribution and to evaluate clinical features and aetiological factors in patients admitted with heart failure at Khaja Banda Nawaz Teaching and General Hospital, Gulbarga, on the basis of clinical assessment, electrocardiography and echocardiography. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective study was done in Department of General Medicine at Khaja Banda Nawaz Teaching and General Hospital, Gulbarga, from January 2015 to June 2016 on patients with heart failure to determine the clinical and aetiological profile. A total of 100 cases above the age of 20 years were included in the study. The patients below the age of 20 years and known cases of congenital heart disease were excluded. RESULTS Out of 100 patients, the heart failure was seen more commonly in men than in women between the age groups of 46-65 years of age. Breathlessness was the most common presentation followed by pedal oedema, orthopnoea, etc. In our study, the primary aetiology for heart failure was found to be coronary artery disease (47%) followed by dilated cardiomyopathy (20%), hypertension (14%), rheumatic heart disease (7%), anaemia (6%), cor pulmonale (4%) and others (2%). Dyslipidaemia was the common risk factor followed by obesity and smoking. CONCLUSION The heart failure commonly occurs in elderly people and the incidence was higher in men than in women. The commonest presentation was breathlessness followed by pedal oedema. The commonest cause of heart failure was coronary artery disease followed by dilated cardiomyopathy and then hypertension combined with ischaemic heart disease.

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