Coronaviruses (CoVs) are the largest group of viruses belonging to the Nidovirales order, which includes Coronaviridae, Arteriviridae, Mesoniviridae and Roniviridae families. Coronavirus virion are circular with a diameter of nearly 125 nm. Its most conspicuous characteristic of coronaviruses is the club-shaped spiked projections originating from the surface of the virion. Such spikes are a definite characteristic of the virion and give them a solar corona appearance leading the term coronaviruses [1]. Coronaviridae covers a broad range of host & carriers, infecting many mammalian & avian species/subspecies, this may affect the upper respiratory, gastrointestinal, hepatic and central nervous system via a number of diseases [2]. SARS-CoV, group 2b-β coronavirus, was detected as the potential cause of the 2002-2003 outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in the Guangdong Province of China. In a cluster of highly pathogenic respiratory tract infections in Saudi Arabia and other Countries in the middle east throughout 2012, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-CoV (MERS-CoV), was found to be the potential cause is an example of another novel human CoV [3]. On 31 December 2019, the Wuhan Health Commission in the Republic of China's Hubei Province notified the National Health Commission, China CDC and the WHO of a series of 27 cases of unexplained etiological pneumonia. Leaks have been predominantly tracked to the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market in Wuhan, that trades fish and a myriad of livestock species comprising chickens, bats, marmots and snakes [4]. By January 7th, 2020 Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention officials had isolated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). On 11 February, WHO officially named the disease as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) [5]. The World Health Organization (WHO) also announced a global emergency on January 31st due to increasing concern about its rapid expansion and the disease became listed as a pandemic by March 11th.

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Bone grafting is one of the commonest practice in orthopaedics, surgical oncology & implant dentistry.bone grafts are used for non-union, mal-union, trauma/ fracture, filling defect due to bony cystor tumor ,reconstructive surgery , implant augumentation. extra oral bone grafts are gold standard . but intraoral bone grafts are now emerging alternatives as its close proximity to recipient site & comparatively less mortality & morbidity rates.this book will explore maxillofacial bone grafts science. this book is helpful to dental students, maxillofacial surgeons, implantologist, prsthodontist in learning science of bone grafting.

Carcinoma of lip develops due to formation of malignant cells in the lips and it is the most common site for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the head and neck region. Oral cavity is among top five leading sites of cancer, regardless of gender distribution across India. Squamous cell carcinoma of lip occurs at myriad locations along the upper or lower lip or commissure of lip, but majority (80% to 95%) of cases are seen on the lower lip region. Majority of oral cavity carcinoma cases (> 90%) are seen in patients above the age of 45, having a male predilection in distribution. Lesions that includes up to one third of the lower lip are typically treated with V-type or W-type excisions. Lesions affecting between one to two thirds of the lower lip are typically treated by regional flaps of Abbe or Estlander. Larger lesions involving more than two thirds of the lower lip are treated with Bernard flap for middle lesions and nasolabial transpositional flap for lateral lesions. Alternatively, definitive radiotherapy can be used for local control of early-stage epithelial malignancies of the lips such as basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas, but usually reserved for selected situations, also side effects of irradiation limits its use. Local resection along with elective SOHND is mandatory for long term survival rate and to avoid substantial worse prognosis. This case report describes an unusual presentation of carcinoma of lip mimicking benign soft tissue swelling.

The term hemangioma derives from the Greek word, "hema" which expresses blood, "angio" implies vessel, "oma" corresponds to tumor. A hemangioma is a type of an innocuous lesion of blood vessels or vascular components defined by a proliferative growth stage and a very prolonged involutive stage. The prevalence of hemangiomas is estimated to be around 2-3% in neonates, 10-12% in the first year of life, and 22-30% found amongst babies whose weight is less than 1000g at the time of birth. Most of the hemangiomas occur as single lesion. Peripheral hemangiomas treated by surgical excision is an example of gold standard treatment for hemangiomas. Alternatively sclerosing solutions may be used as they obliterate blood vessels, thereby leading to fibrosis and disappearance of the hemangioma. It is relatively uncommon in the oral cavity. Polidocanol (aethoxysklerol) is a detergent solution which act by causing localized inflammatory reaction.